...Date... AGE Event
1845/--/-- -1 - American author Margaret Fuller publishes Women in the Nineteenth Century.
1845/--/-- -1 - British archaeologist Austen Layard excavates the sites of Nimrud and Nineveh.
1845/--/-- -1 - Civil War ends in Peru; Castilla Ramon is elected as president.
1845/--/-- -1 - Failure of the potato crop leads to a famine in Ireland.
1845/--/-- -1 - Florida is inaugurated as the 27th state of the Union.
1845/--/-- -1 - French artists Gavarni and Grandville begin designing the first elaborate posters.
1845/--/-- -1 - German composer Robert Schumann writes his Piano Concerto in A minor.
1845/--/-- -1 - German scientist Alexander von Humboldt publishes the first volume of his Kosmos.
1845/--/-- -1 - James K. Polk (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1845/--/-- -1 - Polk is inaugurated as the 11th U.S. president; Dallas becomes vice-president
1845/--/-- -1 - Sir John Franklin leads an ill-fated expedition in search of the Northwest Passage.
1845/--/-- -1 - The Republic of Texas becomes the 28th state of the Union.
1845/--/-- -1 - The Republic of Texas is annexed by the U.S.; it becomes the 28th state of the Union.
1845/--/-- -1 - The Sikh Wars begin in British India.
1845/--/-- -1 - The first clipper ship the Rainbow is built in New York.
1845/--/-- -1 - The term Manifest Destiny is first used in defense of U.S. territorial ambitions.
1845/03/28 0 *** Pierce, Ann Eliza (Grider) - Born to Pierce, Lewis and Cowan, Rachel (Pierce)
1845/12/17 0 *** Grider, Smith [Husband] - Born
1846/--/-- 0 - Adolphe Sax patents the saxophone in Paris.
1846/--/-- 0 - American dentist William Morton extracts a tooth using ether as an anesthetic.
1846/--/-- 0 - German astronomer Johann Galle makes the first observation of the planet Neptune.
1846/--/-- 0 - German philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach publishes The Essence of Religion.
1846/--/-- 0 - Henry Creswicke Rawlinson deciphers the Mesopotamian cuneiform script.
1846/--/-- 0 - Iowa is inaugurated as the 29th state of the Union.
1846/--/-- 0 - Mexican War
1846/--/-- 0 - Mormon trek from Navoo to Salt Lake City
1846/--/-- 0 - Oregon boundary with Canada established at 49th parallel
1846/--/-- 0 - The Christy Minstrels begin performing in New York.
1846/--/-- 0 - The Mexican War begins over the U.S. annexation of Texas.
1846/--/-- 0 - The Mexican government collapses; Santa Anna is reelected as president.
1846/--/-- 0 - The Smithsonian Institution is created by Congress.
1846/--/-- 0 - The border between the U.S. and Canada is established, settling the Oregon Question.
1846/--/-- 0 - U.S. forces under Stephen Watts Kearny occupy New Mexico.
1846/--/-- 0 - U.S. forces under Zachary Taylor defeat the Mexicans at Palo Alto and Monterrey.
1846/--/-- 0 - Writer and artist Edward Lear publishes A Book of Nonsense.
1847/--/-- 1 - American missionary Marcus Whitman is killed by Cayuse Indians in Oregon.
1847/--/-- 1 - American oceanographer Matthew Maury publishes his first Wind and Current Charts.
1847/--/-- 1 - Charlotte Bronte publishes Jane Eyre; Emily Bronte publishes Wuthering Heights.
1847/--/-- 1 - English novelist William Makepeace Thackeray begins Vanity Fair.
1847/--/-- 1 - Honore de Balzac completes La Comedie humaine, a collection of over 100 novels.
1847/--/-- 1 - Italian statesman Cavour founds the liberal newspaper Il Risorgimento (resurgence).
1847/--/-- 1 - Maria Mitchell, the first woman astronomer in America, discovers a new comet.
1847/--/-- 1 - Mormons and the Indians
1847/--/-- 1 - Scott enters Mexico City after a series of battles; Mexico sues for peace.
1847/--/-- 1 - Sir James Simpson uses chloroform for childbirth
1847/--/-- 1 - Taylor defeats Santa Anna's Mexican army at the Battle of Buena Vista.
1847/--/-- 1 - The African slave colony of Liberia is declared independent.
1847/--/-- 1 - The American Medical Association is founded.
1847/--/-- 1 - The Mormons under Brigham Young found Salt Lake City.
1847/--/-- 1 - The U.S. post office begins using adhesive postage stamps.
1847/--/-- 1 - U.S. forces under Stockton, Fremont and Kearny occupy California.
1847/--/-- 1 - U.S. forces under Winfield Scott land at Veracruz and advance on Mexico City.
1847/03/31 2 *** Pierce, Martha Jane (Cook) [Sister] - Born to Pierce, Lewis and Cowan, Rachel (Pierce)
1848/--/-- 2 - A Czech uprising under Frantisek Palacky is suppressed by Austria.
1848/--/-- 2 - American engineer James Bogardus begins using cast-iron for building construction.
1848/--/-- 2 - February Revolution by French workers makes Louis Napoleon III President of 2nd Reublic
1848/--/-- 2 - Ferdinand I abdicates; Francis Joseph becomes Emperor of Austria.
1848/--/-- 2 - French Barbizon artist Theodore Rousseau paints the Forest at Fontainebleau.
1848/--/-- 2 - French author Alexandre Dumas (Dumas fils) publishes his novel Camille.
1848/--/-- 2 - Gold discovered in California
1848/--/-- 2 - Holman Hunt, Millais and Rossetti form the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in Britain.
1848/--/-- 2 - Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish the Communist Manifesto.
1848/--/-- 2 - Karl Marx and Friedrick Engels publish "Communist Manifesto"
1848/--/-- 2 - Louis Philippe abdicates; a Second Republic is declared in France.
1848/--/-- 2 - Mexican Cession
1848/--/-- 2 - Risorgimento leader Garibaldi returns to Italy to fight in the war of independence.
1848/--/-- 2 - Scottish physicist William Thomson Kelvin proposes an absolute temperature scale.
1848/--/-- 2 - The Austrian revolution begins in Vienna; chancellor Metternich resigns.
1848/--/-- 2 - The Revolutions of 1848 break out in Europe.
1848/--/-- 2 - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ratifies the cession of California and New Mexico.
1848/--/-- 2 - The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill begins the California gold rush.
1848/--/-- 2 - The first U.S. women's rights assembly meets at the Seneca Falls Convention.
1848/--/-- 2 - Uprisings in Berlin force Frederick William IV to summon a constitutional assembly.
1848/--/-- 2 - Wisconsin is inaugurated as the 30th state of the Union.
1849/--/-- 3 - Amelia Bloomer publicizes bloomers (baggy trousers for women) in the Lily magazine.
1849/--/-- 3 - Austrian forces crush the Italian revolution; Mazzini and Garibaldi flee from Italy.
1849/--/-- 3 - Austrian premier Felix Schwarzenberg uses the Russian army to defeat the Hungarians.
1849/--/-- 3 - Black slave Harriet Tubman escapes and begins her Underground Railway work.
1849/--/-- 3 - Elizabeth Blackwell becomes the first woman to obtain a medical degree.
1849/--/-- 3 - Francois Rene de Chateaubriand publishes Memoirs From Beyond the Tomb.
1849/--/-- 3 - French physicist Armand Fizeau measures the velocity of light.
1849/--/-- 3 - Lajos Kossuth declares Hungarian independence from Austria.
1849/--/-- 3 - Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin is deported to Siberia.
1849/--/-- 3 - Taylor is inaugurated as the 12th U.S. president; Fillmore becomes vice-president
1849/--/-- 3 - Zachary Taylor (Whig) becomes president of the United States
1850/--/-- 4 - Allan Pinkerton founds the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.
1850/--/-- 4 - American author Nathaniel Hawthorne writes The Scarlet Letter.
1850/--/-- 4 - American popular songwriter Stephen Foster publishes Camptown Races.
1850/--/-- 4 - California is inaugurated as the 31st state of the Union.
1850/--/-- 4 - Congress reinforces the Fugitive Slave Law for the return of escaped slaves.
1850/--/-- 4 - Elizabeth Barrett Browning publishes her Sonnets From the Portuguese.
1850/--/-- 4 - English author Charles Dickens writes David Copperfield.
1850/--/-- 4 - French realist artist Gustave Courbet paints The Stone Breakers.
1850/--/-- 4 - Jenny Lind the Swedish nightingale begins her U.S. tour.
1850/--/-- 4 - Millard Fillmore (Whig) becomes president of the United States
1850/--/-- 4 - Nathanial Hawthorne "The Scarlet Letter"
1850/--/-- 4 - Photographer Mathew Brady publishes The Gallery of Illustrious Americans.
1850/--/-- 4 - Plains Indians cede land in exchange for reservations
1850/--/-- 4 - President Taylor dies; Millard Fillmore is inaugurated as the 13th U.S. president.
1850/--/-- 4 - The Compromise of 1850 establishes California as a non-slavery state.
1850/--/-- 4 - The Taiping Rebellion breaks out in China against the Ch'ing dynasty.
1850/--/-- 4 - The first issue of Harper's magazine is published.
1850/--/-- 4 - Utah and New Mexico Territories
1851/--/-- 5 - A gold rush begins in Victoria, Australia; Victoria becomes a separate colony.
1851/--/-- 5 - American author Herman Melville publishes Moby-Dick.
1851/--/-- 5 - Giuseppe Verdi's opera Rigoletto is produced in Venice.
1851/--/-- 5 - Harriet Beecher Stowe begins publishing Uncle Tom's Cabin.
1851/--/-- 5 - Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones found the New York Times.
1851/--/-- 5 - Isaac Merrit Singer invents the first practical sewing machine.
1851/--/-- 5 - Jacob Fussell begins making ice cream in commercial quantities in Baltimore.
1851/--/-- 5 - Melville "Moby Dick"
1851/--/-- 5 - Mongkut (Rama IV) becomes king of Siam (Thailand).
1851/--/-- 5 - Singer patents sewing machine
1851/--/-- 5 - The Crystal Palace is built in London to house the Great Exhibition.
1851/--/-- 5 - The U.S. yacht America defeats 17 British yachts in the first America's Cup contest.
1851/--/-- 5 - The first college sorority is established at Wesleyan College, Georgia.
1851/12/12 6 *** Pierce, Sarah "Sally" (Tuggle) [Sister] - Born to Pierce, Lewis and Cowan, Rachel (Pierce)
1852/--/-- 6 - Argentinean dictator Rosas is defeated by forces under Urquiza at Monte Caseros.
1852/--/-- 6 - Britain gains control of the Irrawaddy delta after the second Anglo-Burma War.
1852/--/-- 6 - The Grimms begin publication of their Deutsches Worterbuch (German Dictionary).
1852/--/-- 6 - The Second Empire begins in France under Napoleon III.
1853/--/-- 7 - A U.S. naval squadron under Matthew Perry enters Tokyo Bay to negotiate a treaty.
1853/--/-- 7 - Chinese rebels capture Nanking and make it the capital of the Taiping kingdom.
1853/--/-- 7 - Crimean War between Turkey, France & Britain against Russia
1853/--/-- 7 - Franklin Pierce (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1853/--/-- 7 - Franklin Pierce is inaugurated as the 14th U.S. president; King becomes vice-president.
1853/--/-- 7 - General Santa Anna becomes dictator of Mexico for the last time.
1853/--/-- 7 - Georges Haussmann begins the reconstruction of Paris.
1853/--/-- 7 - Napoleon III marries the Empress Eugenie.
1853/--/-- 7 - Richard Wagner begins his cycle of four operas The Ring of The Nibelung.
1853/--/-- 7 - Russia occupies the Turkish principalities of Moldavia and Walachia.
1853/--/-- 7 - The U.S. adds land to New Mexico and Arizona with the Gadsden Purchase.
1853/--/-- 7 - Turkey issues an ultimatum to Russia; the Russians destroy the Turkish fleet at Sinope.
1853/02/22 7 *** Pierce, Francis [Grandfather] - Died
1854/--/-- 8 - A commercial treaty is signed between the U.S. and Japan, ending Japanese isolation.
1854/--/-- 8 - American writer and naturalist Henry David Thoreau publishes Walden.
1854/--/-- 8 - An Anglo-French-Turkish expeditionary force lands at Sevastopol in the Crimea.
1854/--/-- 8 - Britain and France declare war on Russia, beginning the Crimean War.
1854/--/-- 8 - Nebraska and Kansas Territories
1854/--/-- 8 - Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary.
1854/--/-- 8 - Raphaelite artist Holman Hunt paints The Scapegoat.
1854/--/-- 8 - Republican Party formed for abolition of slavery
1854/--/-- 8 - Smith & Wesson invent revolver
1854/--/-- 8 - The Allied armies defeat the Russians at the Battle of Inkerman.
1854/--/-- 8 - The British grant independence to the Orange Free State in South Africa.
1854/--/-- 8 - The Charge of the Light Brigade is made by the British during the Battle of Balaklava.
1854/--/-- 8 - The Kansas-Nebraska Act reopens the controversy over the spread of slavery.
1854/--/-- 8 - The Republican party is formed after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
1854/--/-- 8 - Upper half of Indian Territory becomes part of Kansas Territory
1854/12/21 9 *** Cowen, Julia Ann S. (Owen) [1st cousin once removed] & Owen, John B. - Married
1855/--/-- 9 - British photographer Roger Fenton documents the Crimean War.
1855/--/-- 9 - Florence Nightingale reforms hygienic standards in Crimean hospitals.
1855/--/-- 9 - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow publishes The Songs of Hiawatha.
1855/--/-- 9 - Lord Palmerston becomes prime minister of Great Britain for the first time.
1855/--/-- 9 - Matthew Fontaine Maury publishes The Physical Geography of the Sea.
1855/--/-- 9 - Mexican dictator Santa Anna is overthrown.
1855/--/-- 9 - Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia dies; he is succeeded by his son Alexander II.
1855/--/-- 9 - Robert Browning publishes his poetry collection Men and Women.
1855/--/-- 9 - Scottish explorer David Livingstone discovers the Victoria Falls in Africa.
1855/--/-- 9 - The Allies occupy the Russian fortress at Sevastapol in the Crimea.
1855/--/-- 9 - The first formal ice hockey game is played in Kingston, Ontario.
1855/--/-- 9 - Walt Whitman publishes his first book of poetry, the Leaves of Grass.
1855/10/24 10 *** Cowan, William E. [2nd cousin] - Born to Owen, John B. and Cowen, Julia Ann S. (Owen)
1856/--/-- 10 - A new Opium War begins between China, Britain and France.
1856/--/-- 10 - English chemist William Perkin discovers synthetic dyes.
1856/--/-- 10 - The Treaty of Paris ends the Crimean War.
1856/--/-- 10 - The first Neanderthaler (prehistoric human) skeleton is discovered in Germany.
1856/--/-- 10 - Victor Hugo writes Les Miserables during his exile from France.
1856/01/08 10 *** Cowan, William J. [1st cousin once removed] & Walker, Julia Ann (Cowan) - Married Clinton County Kentucky
1856/07/22 11 *** Cowan, William E. [2nd cousin] - Died Cowan cem. Clinton County KY
1857/--/-- 11 *** Owen, Margaret Elizabeth (Denney) [2nd cousin] - Born to Owen, John B. and Cowen, Julia Ann S. (Owen)
1857/--/-- 11 - Buchanan is inaugurated as the 15th U.S. president; Breckinridge becomes vice-president.
1857/--/-- 11 - Disputes between Mormons and non-Mormon settlers leads to the Utah War.
1857/--/-- 11 - Elisha Graves Otis installs the first passenger elevator in a New York City store.
1857/--/-- 11 - English author Thomas Hughes publishes Tom Brown's Schooldays.
1857/--/-- 11 - French novelist Gustave Flaubert publishes Madame Bovary.
1857/--/-- 11 - French poet Baudelaire publishes Flowers of Evil and is arrested for immorality.
1857/--/-- 11 - James Buchanan (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1857/--/-- 11 - Kansas ratifies anti-slavery constitution
1857/--/-- 11 - Mormons and Paiute Indians kill 120 settlers in the Mountain Meadows Massacre.
1857/--/-- 11 - The Indian Mutiny begins when Indian troops rebel against the British in Meerut.
1857/--/-- 11 - The Oxford English Dictionary is begun in England.
1858/--/-- 12 *** Parmley, Lewis [Nephew] - Born to Parmley, James Smiley and Pierce, Elizabeth Ann (Parmley)
1858/--/-- 12 - Benito Juarez becomes the first Mexican president of Indian descent.
1858/--/-- 12 - Bernadette Soubirous sees visions of the Vigin Mary in a grotto near Lourdes, France.
1858/--/-- 12 - Britain and France impose the Tientsin Treaty on China.
1858/--/-- 12 - British explorer John Hanning Speke discovers Lake Victoria in Africa.
1858/--/-- 12 - British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace outlines his theories of evolution.
1858/--/-- 12 - Charles Frederick Worth establishes his Paris fashion house.
1858/--/-- 12 - Cyrus W. Field lays the first transatlantic telegraph cable.
1858/--/-- 12 - Federal forces end the Utah War; Brigham Young is replaced as governor of Utah Territory.
1858/--/-- 12 - French photographer Nadar takes the first aerial photograph from a balloon.
1858/--/-- 12 - German-American artist Albert Bierstadt begins his landscapes of the American west.
1858/--/-- 12 - Jacques Offenbach's operetta Orpheus in the Underworld premiers in Paris.
1858/--/-- 12 - James Renwick begins the design of Saint Patrick's Cathedral in New York City.
1858/--/-- 12 - Minnesota is inaugurated as the 32nd state of the Union.
1858/--/-- 12 - The Fenians (Irish Republican Brotherhood) are founded to overthrow British rule.
1858/--/-- 12 - The Indian Mutiny is suppressed by the British Army and loyal Indian troops.
1858/--/-- 12 - The government of India is transferred from the East India Company to the British crown.
1859/--/-- 13 - Abolitionist John Brown leads an attack on Harpers Ferry; he is captured and executed.
1859/--/-- 13 - Charles Darwin "Origin of Species"
1859/--/-- 13 - Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.
1859/--/-- 13 - Ferdinand de Lesseps begins building the Suez Canal in Egypt.
1859/--/-- 13 - French inventor Ferdinand Carre develops a refrigeration system.
1859/--/-- 13 - Napoleon III assists the Italian statesman Cavour in a war against Austria.
1859/--/-- 13 - Oregon is inaugurated as the 33rd state of the Union.
1859/--/-- 13 - Queensland becomes a separate colony of Australia.
1859/02/21 13 *** Tabor, Lewis B. & Pierce, Rebecca (Tabor) [Sister] - Married
1860/--/-- 14 *** Cowan, William J. "Bill" [2nd cousin] - Born to Cowan, William J. and Walker, Julia Ann (Cowan)
1860/--/-- 14 *** Owen, Louisa B. (O'Conner) [2nd cousin] - Born to Owen, John B. and Cowen, Julia Ann S. (Owen)
1860/--/-- 14 *** Parmley, Mary Ellen (Crockett) [Niece] - Born to Parmley, James Smiley and Pierce, Elizabeth Ann (Parmley)
1860/--/-- 14 - Abraham Lincoln is elected as the first Republican president of the United States.
1860/--/-- 14 - China resists the Tientsin Treaty; Anglo-French forces occupy Peking.
1860/--/-- 14 - English novelist Wilkie Collins writes The Woman in White.
1860/--/-- 14 - Florence Nightingale establishes a school for training nurses.
1860/--/-- 14 - George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans) publishes The Mill on the Floss.
1860/--/-- 14 - Italian patriot Garibaldi invades Sicily and Naples with his 1,000 Redshirts.
1860/--/-- 14 - Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir patents the first internal-combustion engine.
1860/--/-- 14 - Sardinia-Piedmont seizes the Papal States in Italy.
1860/--/-- 14 - South Carolina becomes the first Southern state to secede from the Union.
1860/--/-- 14 - The Crittenden Compromise tries to prevent a split between slave and free states.
1860/--/-- 14 - The Maori Wars begin against the British in New Zealand.
1860/--/-- 14 - The pony express is inaugurated to deliver mail from Missouri to California.
1861/--/-- 15 - Abraham Lincoln (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1861/--/-- 15 - American locksmith Linus Yale Jr. patents the cylinder lock.
1861/--/-- 15 - CONFEDERACY
1861/--/-- 15 - Civil War Begins
1861/--/-- 15 - English designer William Morris starts the Arts and Crafts Movement.
1861/--/-- 15 - Explorers Burke and Wills die during their north-south crossing of Australia.
1861/--/-- 15 - French artist Eugene Delacroix paints the Lion Hunt.
1861/--/-- 15 - General George B. McClellan is made commander of the Union forces.
1861/--/-- 15 - Italy is unified under Victor Emmanuel II.
1861/--/-- 15 - John Ericsson designs the Monitor, the first ship with a revolving gun-turret.
1861/--/-- 15 - Kansas is inaugurated as the 34th state of the Union.
1861/--/-- 15 - Lincoln is inaugurated as the 16th U.S. president; Hamlin becomes vice-president.
1861/--/-- 15 - Nicholas II abolishes serfdom in Russia.
1861/--/-- 15 - The Confederate States of America declare their independence from the U.S.
1861/--/-- 15 - The Confederates defeat the Union army in the First Battle of Bull Run.
1861/--/-- 15 - The Southern states meet to draft a constitution; Davis is selected as president.
1861/--/-- 15 - The Trent Affair begins when a Union ship intercepts a British steamer.
1861/--/-- 15 - The United States introduce the first national income tax.
1861/--/-- 15 - The bombardment of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor begins the U.S. Civil War.
1861/--/-- 15 - Unification of Italy
1861/--/-- 15 - Western territories reorganized by Republican Congresses
1861/07/10 16 *** Owen, Robert A. [2nd cousin] - Born to Owen, John B. and Cowen, Julia Ann S. (Owen)
1862/--/-- 16 - A Union fleet under David G. Farragut captures New Orleans.
1862/--/-- 16 - Bartolome Mitre unites Argentina and is elected president.
1862/--/-- 16 - Brady, O'Sullivan and Gardner document the Civil War in photographs.
1862/--/-- 16 - Explorer John McDouall Stuart makes the first south to north crossing of Australia.
1862/--/-- 16 - Foucault measures speed of light
1862/--/-- 16 - French actress Sarah Bernhardt makes her debut at the Comedie Francaise.
1862/--/-- 16 - French impressionist artist Edouard Manet paints Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe.
1862/--/-- 16 - French physicist Jean Foucault successfully measures the speed of light.
1862/--/-- 16 - French writer Victor Hugo completes his social novel Les Miserables.
1862/--/-- 16 - Lee defeats the Union army in the Second Battle of Bull Run.
1862/--/-- 16 - Lee's Confederate invasion of Maryland is halted at the Battle of Antietam.
1862/--/-- 16 - McClellan is defeated in the Seven Days Battle and retreats from the peninsular.
1862/--/-- 16 - Napoleon III imposes the Austrian prince Maximilian as emperor of Mexico.
1862/--/-- 16 - Richard J. Gatling invents the first practical machine gun.
1862/--/-- 16 - Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev publishes Fathers and Sons.
1862/--/-- 16 - The first recorded ski competition is held near Oslo in Norway.
1862/--/-- 16 - The ironclad warships Monitor and Merrimack clash at Hampton Roads, Va.
1862/--/-- 16 - Union forces under Burnside are defeated at the Battle of Fredricksburg.
1862/--/-- 16 - Union forces under Grant defeat the Confederates at the Battle of Shiloh.
1862/--/-- 16 - Union forces under McClellan begin the Peninsular Campaign to capture Richmond.
1862/--/-- 16 - William I appoints Otto von Bismarck as minister president of Prussia.
1863/--/-- 17 - Cambodia (Kampuchea) becomes a French protectorate.
1863/--/-- 17 - English philosopher John Stuart Mill publishes Utilitarianism.
1863/--/-- 17 - French impressionist artist Camille Pissarro exhibits at the Salon des Refuses.
1863/--/-- 17 - George I succeeds Otto as king of Greece.
1863/--/-- 17 - Grant defeats the Confederates in the Vicksburg Campaign.
1863/--/-- 17 - Ismail Pasha rules Egypt under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.
1863/--/-- 17 - Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation abolishes slavery in the Confederate states.
1863/--/-- 17 - London's Metropolitan Railway becomes the first underground subway.
1863/--/-- 17 - The Confederate guerrilla band Quantrill's Raiders pillage Lawrence, Kansas.
1863/--/-- 17 - The Confederates defeat the Union army at Chancellorsville; Jackson is killed.
1863/--/-- 17 - The Confederates under Lee are defeated at the Battle of Gettysburg.
1863/--/-- 17 - The French occupy Mexico City in support of Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico.
1863/--/-- 17 - The London Football Association issues the first soccer rules.
1863/--/-- 17 - West Virginia is inaugurated as the 35th state of the Union.
1863/05/02 18 *** Owen, Robert A. [2nd cousin] - Died Peolia Cem. Clinton county KY
1863/09/13 18 *** Owen, John B. [2nd cousin] - Born to Owen, John B. and Cowen, Julia Ann S. (Owen) near Livingston Tennessee
1864/--/-- 18 - A Chinese army under Gordon recaptures Nanking and ends the Taiping Rebellion.
1864/--/-- 18 - A Union army under Sherman invades Georgia, begining the Atlanta campaign.
1864/--/-- 18 - Cheyenne and Arapaho families massacred at Sand Creek, Colorado
1864/--/-- 18 - Denmark is defeated by Prussia; Schleswig-Holstein is ceded to Germany.
1864/--/-- 18 - Nevada is inaugurated as the 36th state of the Union.
1864/--/-- 18 - Paraguayan dictator Francisco Solano Lopez begins the War of the Triple Alliance.
1864/--/-- 18 - Sherman defeats the Confederates at Atlanta and begins his march to the sea.
1864/--/-- 18 - The Colorado militia massacre Cheyenne Indians at Sand Creek.
1864/--/-- 18 - The Confederate submarine Hunley sinks a Federal ship but is sunk in the process.
1864/--/-- 18 - The Geneva Convention sets standards of humane treatment in time of war.
1864/--/-- 18 - The Ionian Islands are ceded to Greece by Britain.
1864/--/-- 18 - The Union launches a drive on Richmond but falters in the Wilderness Campaign.
1864/--/-- 18 - Ulysses S. Grant is made general in chief of all the Union armies.
1864/08/09 19 *** Cowan, John L. [1st cousin once removed] - Died Cowan Cem. Clinton County KY
1865/--/-- 19 - Andrew Johnson (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1865/--/-- 19 - Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th President of the U.S.
1865/--/-- 19 - Civil War Ends
1865/--/-- 19 - Confederate forces under Lee surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House.
1865/--/-- 19 - Count Leo Tolstoi begins his monumental Russian novel War and Peace.
1865/--/-- 19 - English author Lewis Carroll writes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
1865/--/-- 19 - Johnston surrenders the last Confederate army to Sherman, ending the U.S. Civil War.
1865/--/-- 19 - Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace"
1865/--/-- 19 - Lincoln assassinated
1865/--/-- 19 - Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre in Washington D.C.
1865/--/-- 19 - Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky publishes Crime and Punishment.
1865/--/-- 19 - The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolishes slavery.
1865/--/-- 19 - The Petersburg Campaign is won by Union forces; Lee evacuates Richmond.
1865/04/23 20 *** Parmley, James Robert [Nephew] - Born to Parmley, James Smiley and Pierce, Elizabeth Ann (Parmley)
1866/--/-- 20 - British engineer Robert Whitehead invents the first self-propelled torpedo.
1866/--/-- 20 - Congress authorize (but do not mandate) the use of the metric system in the U.S.
1866/--/-- 20 - Mendel publishes his genetic research in Experiments With Plant Hybrids.
1866/--/-- 20 - Prussia and Italy defeat Austria in the Seven Weeks' War.
1866/--/-- 20 - The Ku Klux Klan is founded in the southern United States.
1866/03/11 20 *** Cowen, Julia Ann S. (Owen) [1st cousin once removed] - Died Suicide Peolia cem. Clinton County KY
1867/--/-- 21 - Alfred Nobel patents dynamite
1867/--/-- 21 - Bismark forms the North German Confederation under Prussian leadership.
1867/--/-- 21 - Diamond fields are discovered in South Africa.
1867/--/-- 21 - English photographer Julia Margaret Cameron takes Sir John Herschel's portrait.
1867/--/-- 21 - French troops withdraw from Mexico; Emperor Maximilian is executed by Juarez.
1867/--/-- 21 - Karl Marx publishes the first volume of Das Kapital.
1867/--/-- 21 - Nebraska is inaugurated as the 37th state of the Union.
1867/--/-- 21 - Sir John A. Macdonald becomes Canada's first prime minister.
1867/--/-- 21 - The Compromise (Ausgleich) of 1867 creates the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
1867/--/-- 21 - The Dominion of Canada is established by the British North America Act.
1868/--/-- 22 *** Parmley, Nancy M. (Bertram) [Niece] - Born to Parmley, James Smiley and Pierce, Elizabeth Ann (Parmley)
1868/--/-- 22 - A military coup led by General Juan Prim deposes Queen Isabella II of Spain.
1868/--/-- 22 - A skeleton of Cro-Magnon man is discovered in southern France.
1868/--/-- 22 - British labor unions form the Trades Union Congress.
1868/--/-- 22 - Christopher Sholes patents the first practical typewriter.
1868/--/-- 22 - Chulalongkorn succeeds his father Mongkut as the king of Siam (Thailand).
1868/--/-- 22 - Feminists Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton publish Revolution.
1868/--/-- 22 - Johannes Brahms' A German Requiem is performed for the first time.
1868/--/-- 22 - Ndebele king Mzilikazi dies in Africa; he is succeeded (1870) by his son Lobengula.
1868/--/-- 22 - The Meiji dynasty is restored in Japan; the Tokugawa shogunate is abolished.
1868/--/-- 22 - The Ten Years' War begins in Cuba against Spanish rule.
1868/--/-- 22 - U.S. President Andrew Johnson is impeached by Congress but acquitted by the Senate.
1868/--/-- 22 - William Gladstone becomes Liberal prime minister of Britain for the first time.
1869/--/-- 23 - 200 pitched battles between Indians and U.S. Calvary
1869/--/-- 23 - English author Matthew Arnold publishes Culture and Anarchy.
1869/--/-- 23 - French artist Eugene Louis Boudin paints On the Beach at Deauville.
1869/--/-- 23 - Grant is inaugurated as the 18th U.S. president; Colfax becomes vice-president.
1869/--/-- 23 - James Gordon Bennett Jr. commissions Stanley to search for Livingston in Africa.
1869/--/-- 23 - John Roebling designs the Brooklyn Bridge but dies after a construction accident.
1869/--/-- 23 - Louis Riel leads the Red River Rebellion in Canada.
1869/--/-- 23 - Ludwig II (Mad Ludwig) begins building his fantasy castles in Bavaria.
1869/--/-- 23 - Philadelphia garment workers organize the Knights of Labor, an early labor union.
1869/--/-- 23 - Pope Pius IX calls the First Vatican Council to discuss the dogma of papal infallibility.
1869/--/-- 23 - Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky begins work on his opera Boris Gudunov.
1869/--/-- 23 - Suez Canal opens
1869/--/-- 23 - The Cincinnati Red Stockings become the first professional baseball team.
1869/--/-- 23 - The Suez Canal is opened in Egypt.
1869/--/-- 23 - The first manufacturing patent is issued for chewing gum.
1869/--/-- 23 - The transcontinental railroad is completed at Promontory Point, Utah.
1869/--/-- 23 - Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1869/--/-- 23 - Union Pacific meets Central Pacific
1870/--/-- 24 - American industrialist John D. Rockefeller founds the Standard Oil Company.
1870/--/-- 24 - French war minister Leon Gambetta escapes from besieged Paris in a balloon.
1870/--/-- 24 - German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavates the ancient city of Troy.
1870/--/-- 24 - Paraguayan dictator Solano Lopez dies, ending the War of the Triple Alliance.
1870/--/-- 24 - Rome becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Italy.
1870/--/-- 24 - The Franco-Prussian War begins over a diplomatic incident engineered by Bismark.
1870/--/-- 24 - The Prussians defeat the French at Sedan; Napoleon III is taken prisoner.
1870/--/-- 24 - The Third Republic is formed in France; a Government of National Defense is established.
1870/--/-- 24 - The city of Miami is founded in Florida.
1870/11/15 25 *** Parmley, Margaret L. (Wood) [Niece] - Born to Parmley, James Smiley and Pierce, Elizabeth Ann (Parmley)
1871/--/-- 25 - American explorer Henry Morton Stanley finds Dr. Livingston in central Africa.
1871/--/-- 25 - Charles Taze Russell founds the Jehovah's Witnesses about this time.
1871/--/-- 25 - Fire destroys one-third of the city of Chicago.
1871/--/-- 25 - P.T Barnum launches a traveling circus, museum and menagerie.
1871/--/-- 25 - The Franco-Prussian War ends; Alsace and Lorraine are ceded to Germany.
1871/--/-- 25 - The French surrender to Prussia incites the Commune of Paris uprising.
1871/--/-- 25 - The German Empire is formally proclaimed at the Palace of Versailles.
1871/--/-- 25 - The Paris Commune is suppressed by government troops after a 2-month siege.
1871/--/-- 25 - Trade Unions legalized in Britain
1872/--/-- 26 - American artist James McNeill Whistler paints the Portrait of the Artist's Mother.
1872/--/-- 26 - English author George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans) publishes Middlemarch.
1872/--/-- 26 - Indian leader Kintpuash leaves the Modoc reservation; the Modoc Wars begin.
1872/--/-- 26 - Monet paints Impression: Sunrise; the term impressionism is derived from the title.
1872/--/-- 26 - Photographer Eadweard Muybridge begins his series of motion studies.
1872/--/-- 26 - The Challenger Expedition begins the first systematic oceanographic survey.
1872/--/-- 26 - The cities of Buda and Pest unite to form Budapest (the capital of Hungary from 1918).
1872/--/-- 26 - The death of Kamehameha V ends the Kamehameha dynasty of Hawaiian kings.
1872/--/-- 26 - The first woman impressionist artist Berthe Morisot paints The Cradle.
1873/--/-- 27 - Englishman Maj. Walter Clopton Wingfield invents lawn tennis.
1873/--/-- 27 - French novelist Jules Verne publishes Around the World in Eighty Days.
1873/--/-- 27 - The Pacific Scandal in Canada causes the collapse of the Conservative government.
1873/--/-- 27 - The Panic of 1873 leads to 5 years of economic depression in the U.S.
1874/--/-- 28 - Benjamin Disraeli becomes the Conservative prime minister of Britain.
1874/--/-- 28 - English author Thomas Hardy publishes Far from the Madding Crowd.
1874/--/-- 28 - First impressionist exhibit in Paris
1874/--/-- 28 - French impressionist artist Pierre Auguste Renoir paints La Loge (The Box).
1874/--/-- 28 - The Comanche, Kiowa and other Indian tribes attack Adobe Walls in Texas.
1874/--/-- 28 - The Greenback party advocates currency reform in the U.S.
1874/--/-- 28 - The first exhibition of impressionist paintings is held in Paris.
1874/03/13 28 *** Cowan, James V. [1st cousin once removed] - Died Cowan Cem. Clinton County KY
1875/--/-- 29 - American author Mark Twain publishes Tom Sawyer.
1875/--/-- 29 - Britain buys Suez Canal shares from the bankrupt Egyptian leader Ismail Pasha.
1875/--/-- 29 - Charles Stewart Parnell begins movement for Irish independence
1875/--/-- 29 - Georges Bizet's opera Carmen is performed in Paris.
1875/--/-- 29 - Mary Baker Eddy, founder of Christian Science, publishes Science and Health.
1875/--/-- 29 - The Bourbon monarchy is restored in Spain under Alfonso XII.
1875/02/16 29 *** Grider, George W. [Son] - Born to Grider, Smith and Pierce, Ann Eliza (Grider)
1875/06/18 30 *** Parmley, Rachel (Upchurch) [Niece] - Born to Parmley, James Smiley and Pierce, Elizabeth Ann (Parmley)
1876/--/-- 30 - Abd al-Hamid II assumes his rule as the last Ottoman sultan.
1876/--/-- 30 - Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone.
1876/--/-- 30 - Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone
1876/--/-- 30 - British philosopher Herbert Spencer begins publishing the Principles of Sociology.
1876/--/-- 30 - Colorado is inaugurated as the 38th state of the Union.
1876/--/-- 30 - General Porfirio Diaz seizes power as the dictator of Mexico.
1876/--/-- 30 - German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavates the ancient city of Mycenae.
1876/--/-- 30 - Impressionist artist Alfred Sisley paints Flood at the Port of Marly.
1876/--/-- 30 - Japan forces Korea to open up to foreign trade, countering the influence of China.
1876/--/-- 30 - Johann Strauss Jr. composes his waltz The Beautiful Blue Danube.
1876/--/-- 30 - National League founded (baseball)
1876/--/-- 30 - Queen Victoria assumes the title of Empress of India.
1876/--/-- 30 - Sioux Indians defeat General Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn.
1876/--/-- 30 - Sioux and Cheyenne defeat Custer at Little Big Horn, Montanna
1876/--/-- 30 - The Bayreuth musical festival opens with a performance of Wagner's Ring cycle.
1876/--/-- 30 - The U.S. Centennial Exposition of 1876 is held in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia.
1877/--/-- 31 - Britain annexes Transvaal in South Africa.
1877/--/-- 31 - Chief Joseph leads the Nez Perce tribe against the U.S. Army.
1877/--/-- 31 - Hayes is inaugurated as the 19th U.S. president; Wheeler becomes vice-president
1877/--/-- 31 - Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli observes canali (channels) on Mars.
1877/--/-- 31 - Nez Perce leave Idaho for Canada
1877/--/-- 31 - Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1877/--/-- 31 - Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake is performed by the Bolshoi Ballet in Moscow.
1877/--/-- 31 - The All-England lawn tennis championship is played at Wimbledon for the first time.
1877/--/-- 31 - The Japanese army suppresses a samurai revolt led by Saigo Takamori.
1877/--/-- 31 - Thomas Edison invents the phonograph.
1877/--/-- 31 - Turkish suppression of Balkan nationalists leads to a new Russo-Turkish War.
1877/01/17 31 *** Parmley, Eliza Lizzie (Braswell) [Niece] - Born to Parmley, James Smiley and Pierce, Elizabeth Ann (Parmley)
1878/--/-- 32 - Ismail Pasha presents Cleopatra's Needles to Britain (1878) and the U.S. (1880).
1878/--/-- 32 - Northern Cheyenne escape Indian Territory
1878/--/-- 32 - Serbia, Montenegro and Romania are granted independence from Turkey.
1878/--/-- 32 - The Congress of Berlin reverses Russian gains from the San Stefano Treaty.
1878/--/-- 32 - The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company performs Gilbert and Sullivan's H.M.S. Pinafore.
1878/--/-- 32 - The Russo-Turkish War ends; The Treaty of San Stefano is imposed on Turkey.
1878/--/-- 32 - The second Anglo-Afghan War begins.
1878/--/-- 32 - Turkey's provinces of Bosnia and Hercegovina are placed under Austrian administration.
1879/--/-- 33 - Belgian king Leopold II sponsors Henry Morton Stanley's expedition to the Congo.
1879/--/-- 33 - Cetewayo's Zulus defeat the British at Isandhlwana, but are beaten at Ulundi.
1879/--/-- 33 - Charles Stewart Parnell leads the Home Rule for Ireland party.
1879/--/-- 33 - General Roca defeats the Patagonian Indians, opening the Pampas for settlement.
1879/--/-- 33 - Impressionist artist Edgar Degas paints Ballerina Posing for a Photograph.
1879/--/-- 33 - Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen writes A Doll's House.
1879/--/-- 33 - Tawfiq Pasha succeeds his father Ismail Pasha as khedive (viceroy) of Egypt.
1879/--/-- 33 - Territorial disputes lead to the War of the Pacific between Chile and Peru.
1879/--/-- 33 - Thomas Edison develops the first workable incandescent lamp (light bulb).
1879/--/-- 33 - Thomas Edison invents incandescent light
1880/--/-- 34 *** Guthrie, James H. [Nephew] - Born to Pierce, Mary Susan (Guthrie)
1880/--/-- 34 - American impressionist artist Mary Cassatt exhibits A Woman in Black at the Opera.
1880/--/-- 34 - Australian bushranger Ned Kelly is hanged for murder.
1880/--/-- 34 - Boer (Afrikaner) uprisings begin against the British in Transvaal, South Africa.
1880/--/-- 34 - France annexes the Pacific island of Tahiti.
1880/--/-- 34 - French novelist Emile Zola writes Nana, a portrait of a prostitute.
1880/--/-- 34 - German composer Jacques Offenbach writes the opera Tales of Hoffmann.
1880/--/-- 34 - Gladstone succeeds Disraeli as British prime minister.
1880/--/-- 34 - Russian composer Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky writes the 1812 Overture.
1880/03/12 34 *** Pierce, Mary Susan (Guthrie) [Sister] - Died Albany Cem. - Albany KY
1881/--/-- 35 - Alexander II is assassinated by narodniki revolutionaries in Russia.
1881/--/-- 35 - Chester A. Arthur (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1881/--/-- 35 - Chester A. Arthur is inaugurated as the 21st U.S. president.
1881/--/-- 35 - Ferdinand de Lesseps begins an abortive attempt to build the Panama Canal.
1881/--/-- 35 - Garfield is inaugurated as the 20th U.S. president; Arthur becomes vice-president.
1881/--/-- 35 - James A. Garfield (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1881/--/-- 35 - Japanese statesman Itagaki Taisuke founds the Jiyuto (Liberal party).
1881/--/-- 35 - Lillie Langtry, mistress of the Prince of Wales, makes her acting debut.
1881/--/-- 35 - President Garfield is assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau.
1881/--/-- 35 - The Sudanese under Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad overthrow Egyptian rule.
1881/--/-- 35 - The first U.S. tennis championship is held in Newport, R.I.
1881/01/08 35 *** Grider, Orestes Smith [Son] - Born to Grider, Smith and Pierce, Ann Eliza (Grider)
1882/--/-- 36 - A Triple Alliance is established between Austria, Italy and Germany.
1882/--/-- 36 - Edison's New York plant begins supplying 59 customers with electricity.
1882/--/-- 36 - Impressionist artist Edouard Manet completes the Bar at the Folies-Bergere.
1882/--/-- 36 - Japanese statesman Okuma Shigenobu founds the Kaishinto, or Progressive, party.
1882/--/-- 36 - The British take control of Egypt, suppressing uprisings against Tawfiq Pasha.
1882/--/-- 36 - The U.S. begins to restrict immigration with the Chinese Exclusion Acts.
1883/--/-- 37 - Buffalo Bill Cody organizes his Wild West show.
1883/--/-- 37 - Civil Service established
1883/--/-- 37 - Cyrus H. K. Curtis publishes the Lady's Home Journal magazine.
1883/--/-- 37 - German philosopher Frederich Wilhelm Nietzsche begins Thus Spake Zarathustra.
1883/--/-- 37 - Maxim invents machine gun
1883/--/-- 37 - Paul Kruger becomes president of the Boer republic of the Transvaal in South Africa.
1883/--/-- 37 - Russian scientist Tsiolkovsky proves that a rocket could work in the vacuum of space.
1883/--/-- 37 - The Brooklyn Bridge is completed in New York.
1883/--/-- 37 - The Fabian Society is founded in London to spread socialist ideas.
1883/--/-- 37 - The Island volcano of Krakatoa explodes in Indonesia, causing 36,000 deaths.
1883/--/-- 37 - The first skyscraper (10 stories) is built in Chicago by William LeBaron Jenney.
1884/--/-- 38 - 15 European nations partition Africa for "spheres of influence"
1884/--/-- 38 - American author Mark Twain publishes the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
1884/--/-- 38 - Belva Lockwood becomes the first woman nominated as a U.S. presidential candidate.
1884/--/-- 38 - German East Africa is formed from Rwanda, Mozambique,Tanzania and Burundi.
1884/--/-- 38 - Germany occupies South West Africa (Namibia).
1884/--/-- 38 - Lewis E. Waterman invents the first fountain pen with an ink reservoir.
1885/--/-- 39 - Boston Symphony Orchestra organizes its Promenade Concerts (the Boston Pops).
1885/--/-- 39 - Cleveland is inaugurated as the 22nd U.S. president; Hendricks becomes vice-president.
1885/--/-- 39 - French chemist Louis Pasteur develops a vaccine for rabies.
1885/--/-- 39 - General Gordon is killed by Mahdist forces at the siege of Khartoum in Sudan.
1885/--/-- 39 - Gottlieb Daimler develops the first motorcycle.
1885/--/-- 39 - Grover Cleveland (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1885/--/-- 39 - J. K. Stanley introduces his safety cycle, the basic model for the modern bicycle.
1885/--/-- 39 - Louis Pasteur administers successful rabies vaccination
1885/--/-- 39 - The Congo Free State (Zaire) becomes the possession of King Leopold II of Belgium.
1885/--/-- 39 - The Indian National Congress movement is founded in Bombay.
1886/--/-- 40 - Apache Indian chief Geronimo surrenders to General Nelson Miles.
1886/--/-- 40 - Britain makes Burma a province of India after winning the Anglo-Burma War.
1886/--/-- 40 - British prime minister Gladstone introduces an unsuccessful Home Rule bill for Ireland.
1886/--/-- 40 - French sculptor Auguste Rodin completes The Kiss.
1886/--/-- 40 - Gold is discovered in Transvaal, South Africa.
1886/--/-- 40 - Haymarket Square labor riot in Chicago kills eleven people
1886/--/-- 40 - Jose Balmaceda becomes president of Chile.
1886/--/-- 40 - Samuel Gompers organizes the American Federation of Labor.
1886/--/-- 40 - The Anglo-German Agreement recognizes German control over Tanganyika (Tanzania).
1886/--/-- 40 - The Statue of Liberty is unveiled in New York Harbor.
1887/--/-- 41 - Arthur Conan Doyle publishes the first Sherlock Holmes story.
1887/--/-- 41 - France creates the Union of Indochina (most of modern day Vietnam and Kampuchea).
1887/--/-- 41 - The Michelson-Morley experiment confirms the absence of ether.
1888/--/-- 42 - A patent is issued to American inventor John H. Loud for the first ball-point pen.
1888/--/-- 42 - American inventor George Eastman introduces the Kodak box camera.
1888/--/-- 42 - Britain unites its Caribbean colonies of Trinidad and Tobago.
1888/--/-- 42 - Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh paints Still Life With Sunflowers.
1888/--/-- 42 - Eastman's Kodak camera begins amateur photography
1888/--/-- 42 - Jack the Ripper murders seven women in London.
1888/--/-- 42 - Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov writes Scheherazade.
1888/--/-- 42 - The National Geographic Magazine is published for the first time.
1888/--/-- 42 - William II succeeds Frederick III as emperor of Germany.
1888/10/17 43 *** Wray, Sarah Susan (Cowan) & Cowan, William J. "Bill" [2nd cousin] - Married Albany, KY
1889/--/-- 43 - Benjamin Harrison (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1889/--/-- 43 - Benjamin Harrison is inaugurated as the 23rd U.S. president.
1889/--/-- 43 - Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria commits suicide at Mayerling.
1889/--/-- 43 - German revolutionary Rosa Luxemburg is exiled in Switzerland.
1889/--/-- 43 - Gustave Eiffel designs the Eiffel Tower for the Paris Exposition.
1889/--/-- 43 - Japan's first prime minister Ito Hirobumi introduces the Meiji Constitution.
1889/--/-- 43 - Montana is inaugurated as the 41st state.
1889/--/-- 43 - Montana is inaugurated as the 41st state; Washington is inaugurated as the 42nd state.
1889/--/-- 43 - North Dakota and South Dakota are inaugurated as the 39th and 40th states.
1889/--/-- 43 - North Dakota is inaugurated as the 39th state of the Union.
1889/--/-- 43 - Pedro II emperor of Brazil is overthrown in a coup; Brazil is declared a republic.
1889/--/-- 43 - South Dakota is inaugurated as the 40th state of the Union.
1889/--/-- 43 - Washington is inaugurated as the 42nd state.
1890/--/-- 44 *** Cowan, William J. [1st cousin once removed] - Died Cowan Cem. Clinton County KY
1890/--/-- 44 - AFL founded by S Gompers
1890/--/-- 44 - American naval officer Alfred Mahan publishes The Influence of Sea Power upon History.
1890/--/-- 44 - American psychologist William James publishes The Principles of Psychology.
1890/--/-- 44 - Cecil Rhodes becomes prime minister of the Cape Colony in South Africa.
1890/--/-- 44 - Claude Debussy begins composing Suite Bergamasque, including Clair de lune.
1890/--/-- 44 - Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh commits suicide.
1890/--/-- 44 - German chancellor Otto von Bismarck is dismissed by Emperor William II.
1890/--/-- 44 - Idaho is inaugurated as the 43rd state.
1890/--/-- 44 - Idaho is inaugurated as the 43rd state; Wyoming is inaugurated as the 44th state.
1890/--/-- 44 - Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore publishes Manasi (The Mind's Embodiment).
1890/--/-- 44 - Photographer Jacob Riis documents New York's poor in How the Other Half Lives.
1890/--/-- 44 - Sherman Antitrust Act
1890/--/-- 44 - Sioux Indians are massacred at the Battle of Wounded Knee.
1890/--/-- 44 - The British South Africa Company occupies Zimbabwe; conflicts begin with the Ndebele.
1890/--/-- 44 - The Forth Railway Bridge is opened, replacing the Brooklyn Bridge as the longest span.
1890/--/-- 44 - Wyoming is inaugurated as the 44th state.
1890/--/-- 44 - Zanzibar becomes a British protectorate.
1890/07/07 45 *** Pierce, Lewis [Father] - Died Albany cem. Albany, KY
1891/--/-- 45 - Anglo-Irish author Oscar Wilde publishes his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.
1891/--/-- 45 - English novelist Thomas Hardy writes Tess of the D'Urbervilles.
1891/--/-- 45 - Eugene Dubois discovers the first Homo erectus remains on Java in Indonesia.
1891/--/-- 45 - French postimpressionist artist Paul Gauguin travels to Tahiti.
1891/--/-- 45 - James Naismith devises the game of basketball in Springfield, Mass.
1891/--/-- 45 - The American Express Company introduces the first traveler's checks.
1892/--/-- 46 - French artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec paints At the Moulin Rouge.
1892/--/-- 46 - Impressionist artist Paul Cezanne completes the Card Players.
1892/--/-- 46 - James J. Corbett wins the heavyweight boxing championship from John L. Sullivan.
1892/--/-- 46 - Strike at Carnegie Steel results in ten deaths
1892/--/-- 46 - The San Francisco Examiner begins printing the first newspaper comic strip.
1892/--/-- 46 - Writer and political revolutionary Jose Marti founds the Cuban Revolutionary party.
1892/03/23 46 *** Cowan, David C. [1st cousin once removed] - Died Albany cem. - Albany KY
1893/--/-- 47 - American artist Louis Comfort Tiffany begins producing Art Nouveau glassware.
1893/--/-- 47 - Cleveland is inaugurated as the 24th U.S. president; Hendricks becomes vice-president.
1893/--/-- 47 - France adds Laos to "protectorate" of Indochina
1893/--/-- 47 - France adds Laos to the Union of Indochina.
1893/--/-- 47 - Gladstone's second Irish Home Rule Bill is vetoed by the House of Lords in Britain.
1893/--/-- 47 - Grover Cleveland (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1893/--/-- 47 - Queen Liliuokalani is ousted in Hawaii; Sanford B. Dole, is elected president (1894).
1893/--/-- 47 - The Ivory Coast becomes a French colony.
1893/--/-- 47 - Victor Horta's Tassel House in Brussels initiates the Art Nouveau architectural style.
1894/--/-- 48 - Britain establishes a protectorate over Buganda and conquers the rest of Uganda.
1894/--/-- 48 - Czech decorative artist Alfons Mucha designs a poster of Sarah Bernhardt.
1894/--/-- 48 - Dreyfus case splits France
1894/--/-- 48 - English artist Aubrey Beardsley illustrates Oscar Wilde's Salome.
1894/--/-- 48 - English author Rudyard Kipling publishes The Jungle Book.
1894/--/-- 48 - Percival Lowell builds an observatory to study the Martian canals.
1894/--/-- 48 - Rebellion in Korea begins the First Sino-Japanese War.
1894/--/-- 48 - The arrest of army captain Albert Dreyfus creates a political crisis in France.
1894/--/-- 48 - Thousands of Armenians are massacred in Turkey.
1895/--/-- 49 - Anglo-Irish playwright Oscar Wilde writes The Importance of Being Earnest.
1895/--/-- 49 - Japan defeats China; the Shimonoseki Treaty establishes Korean independence.
1895/--/-- 49 - Louis and Auguste Lumiere show the first motion pictures to a Paris cafe audience.
1895/--/-- 49 - Russian revolutionary Vladimir Ilich Lenin is exiled to Siberia.
1895/--/-- 49 - Sir Henry Irving becomes the first British actor to be knighted.
1895/--/-- 49 - The American Bowling Congress (ABC) is founded.
1895/--/-- 49 - The Cuban War of Independence begins against Spain; Jose Marti is killed in battle.
1895/--/-- 49 - The Jameson Raid on the Boer republic of Transvaal increases anti-British hostility.
1895/--/-- 49 - The first list of best-selling books is published by The Bookman magazine.
1895/--/-- 49 - Wilhelm Rontgen discovers x-rays
1895/--/-- 49 - X rays are discovered by German physicist Wilhelm C. Roentgen.
1896/--/-- 50 - A tsunami (tidal wave) kills 27,000 people in Japan.
1896/--/-- 50 - Italian composer Giacomo Puccini writes the opera La Boheme.
1896/--/-- 50 - John Philip Sousa composes The Stars and Stripes Forever.
1896/--/-- 50 - King Menelik II defeats the Italians at Adwa, maintaining Ethiopian independence.
1896/--/-- 50 - Supreme Court rules "separate but equal" legal
1896/--/-- 50 - The first modern Olympic Games are held at Athens in Greece; 13 countries compete.
1896/--/-- 50 - Utah is inaugurated as the 45th state of the Union.
1896/09/08 51 *** Parmley, James Robert [Nephew] - Died Davis Chapel cem. Clinton County KY
1897/--/-- 51 - American comic strip The Katzenjammer Kids is begun by Rudolph Dirks.
1897/--/-- 51 - Austrian artist Gustav Klimt helps to found the Vienna Secession group.
1897/--/-- 51 - British physician Havelock Ellis begins his Studies in the Psychology of Sex.
1897/--/-- 51 - English author Rudyard Kipling publishes Captains Courageous.
1897/--/-- 51 - French dramatist Edmond Rostand writes Cyrano de Bergerac.
1897/--/-- 51 - French primitive artist Henri Rousseau paints The Sleeping Gypsy.
1897/--/-- 51 - McKinley is inaugurated as the 25th U.S. president; Hobart becomes vice-president.
1897/--/-- 51 - Russian author Anton Chekhov writes the play Uncle Vanya.
1897/--/-- 51 - Stanislavsky founds the Moscow Art Theater and begins the method acting technique.
1897/--/-- 51 - The first subway un the U.S. opens in Boston.
1897/--/-- 51 - Theodor Herzl organizes the World Zionist Congress at Basel in Switzerland.
1897/--/-- 51 - William Mckinley (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1898/--/-- 52 - Anglo-Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw publishes Arms and the Man.
1898/--/-- 52 - Britain obtains a 99-year lease for Hong Kong from the Chinese.
1898/--/-- 52 - Commodore Dewey destroys the Spanish fleet in Manila harbor.
1898/--/-- 52 - Cuba occupied by U.S. and released
1898/--/-- 52 - English author H. G. Wells publishes The War of the Worlds.
1898/--/-- 52 - Spain cedes Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines to the U.S. in the Treaty of Paris.
1898/--/-- 52 - Spanish-American War, Cuba, Phillipines, US
1898/--/-- 52 - The Boxer Uprising begins in China; Empress Tz'u-hsi imprisons the emperor.
1898/--/-- 52 - The British under Kitchener defeat the Mahdists at Omdurman in Sudan.
1898/--/-- 52 - The Fashoda Incident leads to a French withdrawal from the Sudan.
1898/--/-- 52 - The Spanish fleet is destroyed off Cuba; Spain sues for peace.
1898/--/-- 52 - The Spanish-American War begins with a declaration of war by Congress.
1898/--/-- 52 - The U.S. army uses machine guns for the first time in the battle of Santiago.
1898/--/-- 52 - The U.S. battleship Maine explodes in the Spanish port of Manila in the Philippines.
1898/--/-- 52 - U.S. troops land on Cuba; Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders are in action.
1898/--/-- 52 - William Randolph Hearst's yellow journalism inflames anti-Spanish feelings.
1898/06/10 53 *** Cowan, Rachel (Pierce) [Mother] - Died Albany Cem. Albany, KY
1899/--/-- 53 *** Cowan, William J. "Bill" [2nd cousin] - Died Cowan Cem. Clinton County KY
1899/--/-- 53 - American artist Winslow Homer paints the Gulf Stream.
1899/--/-- 53 - American composer Scott Joplin publishes his Maple Leaf Rag.
1899/--/-- 53 - Designer Charles Rennie Mackintosh completes the Glasgow School of Art.
1899/--/-- 53 - English composer Edward Elgar writes The Enigma Variations.
1899/--/-- 53 - Journalist and future statesman Winston Churchill escapes from Boer captivity.
1899/--/-- 53 - Sigmund Freud "Interpretation of Dreams"
1899/--/-- 53 - The British under Robert Baden-Powell are besieged by the Boers at Mafeking.
1899/--/-- 53 - The South African War begins between the Boers (Afrikaners) and the British.
1899/--/-- 53 - U.S. Secretary of State John M. Hay advocates an Open Door Policy for China.
1900/--/-- 54 - American novelist Theodore Dreiser publishes his first novel Sister Carrie.
1900/--/-- 54 - An international force lifts the Boxer siege of Peking.
1900/--/-- 54 - British politician Keir Hardie helps to found the Labour party.
1900/--/-- 54 - Chinese nationalists besiege foreigners in Peking during the Boxer Uprising.
1900/--/-- 54 - Dutch physiologist Willem Einthoven invents the electrocardiograph.
1900/--/-- 54 - Hawaii is made a U.S. Territory; Sanford Dole serves as the first governor.
1900/--/-- 54 - Hector Guimard uses Art Nouveau designs for the entrances to the Paris Metro.
1900/--/-- 54 - Humbert I is assassinated; he is succeeded by Victor Emanuel III as king of Italy.
1900/--/-- 54 - Italian author Gabriele D'Annunzio publishes The Flame of Life.
1900/--/-- 54 - James J. Jeffries beats Jim Corbett to retain the heavyweight boxing title.
1900/--/-- 54 - Max Planck formulates the quantum theory in physics.
1900/--/-- 54 - Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams.
1900/--/-- 54 - Sir Arthur Evans begins the excavation of the Minoan palace at Knossos, Crete.
1900/--/-- 54 - The Boers begin a guerrilla war against the British occupation forces.
1900/--/-- 54 - The British defeat the Boer (Afrikaner) armies in South Africa and occupy Pretoria.
1900/--/-- 54 - The U.S. wins the first Davis Cup tennis contest.
1901/--/-- 55 - A 39,000 year-old frozen mammoth is discovered in Russia.
1901/--/-- 55 - A stele bearing the Code of Hammurabi is discovered in Susa, Iran.
1901/--/-- 55 - American surgeon Walter Reed proves that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes.
1901/--/-- 55 - An American League of baseball is formed in competition to the National League.
1901/--/-- 55 - Andrew Carnegie sells his company and devotes himself to philanthropy.
1901/--/-- 55 - Britain incorporates Ashanti territory into the Gold Coast (Ghana).
1901/--/-- 55 - English author Beatrix Potter publishes her children's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit.
1901/--/-- 55 - Guglielmo Marconi tests radio transmissions between England and Newfoundland.
1901/--/-- 55 - King C. Gillette founds the American Safety Razor Company.
1901/--/-- 55 - Pres. McKinley shot by anarchist
1901/--/-- 55 - President McKinley is assassinated by the anarchist Leon Czolgosz.
1901/--/-- 55 - Queen Victoria dies; she is succeeded by her son Edward VII.
1901/--/-- 55 - Russia occupies Manchuria in north-east China.
1901/--/-- 55 - Sergei Rachmaninoff writes his Second Piano Concerto.
1901/--/-- 55 - Sir Edward Elgar composes the first of his five Pomp and Circumstance Marches.
1901/--/-- 55 - Spanish painter Pablo Picasso's Blue Period begins.
1901/--/-- 55 - Temperance advocate Carry Nation uses a hatchet to attack a Kansas saloon.
1901/--/-- 55 - The Commonwealth of Australia is founded.
1901/--/-- 55 - The first U.S. national bowling tournament is held.
1901/--/-- 55 - Theodore Roosevelt (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1901/--/-- 55 - Theodore Roosevelt is inaugurated as the 26th U.S. president.
1901/--/-- 55 - Victor L. Berger and Eugene V. Debs help found the American Socialist party.
1901/01/02 55 - Edward VII succeeds as King of Great Britain and Ireland.
1901/03/31 56 *** Parmley, Rachel (Upchurch) [Niece] & Upchurch, William Fox - Married
1901/12/25 56 *** Upchurch, Felix [Great Nephew] - Born to Upchurch, William Fox and Parmley, Rachel (Upchurch)
1902/--/-- 56 *** Cowan, L. Jane (Owen) [1st cousin once removed] - Died Oak Hill cem. Elk City Kansas
1902/--/-- 56 - American artist Robert Henri paints the New York street scene West 57th Street.
1902/--/-- 56 - Conan Doyle writes the Sherlock Holmes adventure The Hound of the Baskervilles.
1902/--/-- 56 - English author Joseph Conrad publishes Heart of Darkness.
1902/--/-- 56 - French filmmaker Georges Melies produces A Trip to the Moon.
1902/--/-- 56 - Italian opera singer Enrico Caruso makes his first phonographic recording.
1902/--/-- 56 - Maksim Gorky's The Lower Depths is produced at the Moscow Art Theater.
1902/--/-- 56 - Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. is appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court.
1902/--/-- 56 - Roosevelt begins conservation of forests
1902/--/-- 56 - The Photo-Secession group is founded in New York by photographer Alfred Stieglitz.
1902/--/-- 56 - The Treaty of Vereeniging ends the South African War.
1902/08/-- 57 - Edward VII crowned King of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India at Wes
1903/--/-- 57 - Alexander, King of Serbia, is assassinated; he is succeeded by Peter I.
1903/--/-- 57 - American author Jack London publishes The Call of the Wild.
1903/--/-- 57 - American novelist Henry James publishes The Ambassadors.
1903/--/-- 57 - Bernard Shaw's play Man and Superman is produced in London.
1903/--/-- 57 - Colonel Francis Younghusband leads a British military expedition into Tibet.
1903/--/-- 57 - Edwin S. Porter directs the pioneering Western film The Great Train Robbery.
1903/--/-- 57 - Emmeline Pankhurst founds the Women's Social and Political Union in Britain.
1903/--/-- 57 - Marie and Pierre Curie win the Nobel Prize for Physics for their work on radioactivity.
1903/--/-- 57 - Orville Wright makes the first successful flight in a self-propelled airplane.
1903/--/-- 57 - Panama declares its independence from Columbia; the U.S. recognizes the new republic.
1903/--/-- 57 - The Rolls-Royce automobile company is founded in Britain.
1903/--/-- 57 - The U.S. acquires perpetual control over the Panama Canal Zone.
1903/--/-- 57 - The first World Series baseball game is played.
1903/--/-- 57 - Vladimir Ilich Lenin organizes the Bolshevik revolutionary group.
1903/--/-- 57 - Wright Bros. first airplane
1903/10/-- 58 - World Series NL PITTSBURGH (3) AL BOSTON (5)
1904/--/-- 58 - Italian composer Giacomo Puccini's opera Madame Butterfly is produced.
1904/--/-- 58 - Ivan Pavlov, discoverer of the conditioned reflex, is awarded the Nobel Prize.
1904/--/-- 58 - James Barrie's play Peter Pan is produced in London.
1904/--/-- 58 - Max Weber publishes The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
1904/--/-- 58 - Roosevelt asserts U.S. right to intervene in Latin America
1904/--/-- 58 - Russia and Japan at war
1904/--/-- 58 - Russian author Anton Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard is produced.
1904/--/-- 58 - Territorial disputes in Manchuria begin the Russo-Japanese War.
1904/--/-- 58 - The Abbey Theatre is founded in Dublin.
1904/--/-- 58 - The New York City subway is opened.
1904/12/05 59 *** Grider, Golda (Thrasher) [Granddaughter] - Born to Grider, George W. and Duvall, Myrtle "Myrtie" (Grider)
1905/--/-- 59 - A general strike and revolution begin in Russia; Nicholas II grants a constitution.
1905/--/-- 59 - Albert Einstein proposes Special Theory of Relativity
1905/--/-- 59 - Ambrose Fleming invents the thermionic valve, used to improve radio reception.
1905/--/-- 59 - American humorist and actor Will Rogers makes his New York City debut.
1905/--/-- 59 - American labor leader Eugene V. Debs founds the Industrial Workers of the World.
1905/--/-- 59 - Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat-sen founds the T'ung-meng hui (Alliance Society).
1905/--/-- 59 - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner organizes the expressionist painters group Die Brucke.
1905/--/-- 59 - French territorial ambitions spark the first Moroccan crisis.
1905/--/-- 59 - German physicist Albert Einstein proposes his Special Theory of Relativity.
1905/--/-- 59 - German poet Rainer Maria Rilke publishes The Book of Hours.
1905/--/-- 59 - Henri Matisse and Andre Derain form the Fauves (Wild Beasts) art movement.
1905/--/-- 59 - Psychologist Alfred Binet develops intelligence tests for school children.
1905/--/-- 59 - Roosevelt begins his second term as U.S. president; Fairbanks becomes vice-president.
1905/--/-- 59 - The Cullinan diamond is found in South Africa; it weighs 3,106 carats.
1905/--/-- 59 - The Russian fleet is destroyed by the Japanese at the Battle of Tsushima.
1905/--/-- 59 - The Sinn Fein Irish nationalist movement is founded by Arthur Griffith.
1905/--/-- 59 - The union of Norway and Sweden is dissolved; Haakon VII is elected king of Norway.
1905/--/-- 59 - W.E.B. Du Bois forms the Niagara Movement to demand full civil rights for black Americans.
1905/--/-- 59 - mini-revolution in Russia
1905/01/26 59 *** Upchurch, Felix [Great Nephew] - Died
1905/03/04 59 *** Pierce, Ann Eliza (Grider) - Died Albany cem. Albany KY
1905/10/-- 60 - World Series NL NEW YORK (4) AL PHILADELPHIA (1)
In 1845 Transportation was by:
Foot
Horse
Bicycle
Train
Steamboat
By 1905 Transportation was by:
Balloon
in addition.
In 1845 Communications was by:
Word of Mouth
Post Office
Telegraph
By 1905 Communications was by:
Telephone
in addition.
In 1845 Food Preparation was by:
Wood
In 1845 Entertainment was by:
Social Intercourse
Organized Sports
Travel
Professional Sports
Movies
Radio
Television
Theme parks
Computer
In 1845 Health Care was by:
Operations
Anesthetic
X-Rays
MRI
In 1845 War Making was by:
Calvary
gun
Artillery
Submarine
By 1905 War Making was by:
Machine guns
Iron Clad ships
TNT
Mines
in addition.
In 1845 Navigation was by:
Stars & Maps
Compass
from the SFHR database of Duane Bristow 03-13-2021 19:57:51