...Date... AGE Event
1800/--/-- -1 - Black slave Gabriel leads an abortive uprising near Richmond, Virginia.
1800/--/-- -1 - France regains Louisiana from Spain under the secret Treaty of San Ildefonso.
1800/--/-- -1 - Italian physicist Alessandro Volta invents the first electric battery.
1800/--/-- -1 - Jefferson defeats Adams in the U.S. presidential election, but ties with Burr.
1800/--/-- -1 - Johnny Appleseed (John Chapman) arrives in the Ohio River valley around this time.
1800/--/-- -1 - Library of Congress founded
1800/--/-- -1 - Madame de Stael publishes The Influence of Literature Upon Society.
1800/--/-- -1 - Napoleon commissions Cambaceres to develop the Napoleonic Code of law.
1800/--/-- -1 - Napoleon defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo.
1800/--/-- -1 - Seat of government moves from Philadelphia to Washington, DC
1800/--/-- -1 - The Library of Congress is founded in Washington D.C.
1800/--/-- -1 - The seat of U.S. government is transferred to Washington, D.C.
1800/--/-- -1 - Volta invents electric battery
1800/03/05 0 *** Ferguson, William R. - Born
1801/--/-- 0 - Alexander I becomes emperor of Russia after the murder of his father Paul I.
1801/--/-- 0 - Barbary pirates begin the Tripolitan War; a U.S. squadron sails to the Mediterranean.
1801/--/-- 0 - Castlereagh secures passage of the Act of Union, which unites Britain and Ireland.
1801/--/-- 0 - Chemists Proust and Berthollet debate the constancy of chemical composition.
1801/--/-- 0 - Jefferson is selected as the 3rd U.S. president; Burr becomes vice-president.
1801/--/-- 0 - Nelson defeats the Danish fleet at Copenhagen.
1801/--/-- 0 - Robert Fulton demonstrates his 3-man submarine the Nautilus.
1801/--/-- 0 - The British defeat Napoleon's army of Egypt at Alexandria.
1801/--/-- 0 - The Peace of Luneville ends the war between France and Austria.
1801/--/-- 0 - The Union Jack becomes the official flag of the United Kingdom.
1801/--/-- 0 - Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican) becomes president of the United States
1802/--/-- 1 - Alexander von Humboldt climbs Mt. Chimborazo, setting a world height record.
1802/--/-- 1 - American artist Benjamin West paints Death on a Pale Horse.
1802/--/-- 1 - Britain returns the island of Minorca to Spain.
1802/--/-- 1 - Napoleon is created First Consul for life.
1802/--/-- 1 - The French capture Haitian leader Toussaint, but are defeated by Christophe.
1802/--/-- 1 - The Treaty of Amiens brings a temporary halt to the French Revolutionary Wars.
1802/04/15 2 *** Huff, Zilpha (Ferguson) [Wife] - Born
1803/--/-- 2 - Britain declares war on France, beginning the Napoleonic Wars.
1803/--/-- 2 - Britain establishes a new penal colony on Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania).
1803/--/-- 2 - Dalton devises table of elements
1803/--/-- 2 - English scientist John Dalton describes his atomic theory.
1803/--/-- 2 - France sells Louisiana to the U.S.
1803/--/-- 2 - Matthew Flinders completes the first circumnavigation of Australia.
1803/--/-- 2 - Ohio is inaugurated as the l7th state of the Union.
1803/--/-- 2 - Robert Emmet leads an Irish rebellion in Dublin; he is captured and executed.
1804/--/-- 3 - American politician Aaron Burr kills Alexander Hamilton in a duel.
1804/--/-- 3 - Dessalines declares Haitian independence and names himself Emperor Jacques I.
1804/--/-- 3 - English engineer Richard Trevithick builds the first steam locomotive.
1804/--/-- 3 - Francis II assumes the title of emperor of Austria.
1804/--/-- 3 - Fulani leader Usman dan Fodio leads a holy war against the Hausa in Nigeria.
1804/--/-- 3 - Jefferson is reelected as U.S. president; Clinton becomes vice-president.
1804/--/-- 3 - Lewis and Clark expedition encounters Native Americans
1804/--/-- 3 - Lewis and Clarke Expedition
1804/--/-- 3 - Meriwether Lewis and William Clark begin exploring the American north-west.
1804/--/-- 3 - Napoleon becomes Emperor
1804/--/-- 3 - Napoleon crowns himself emperor of France.
1804/--/-- 3 - Serbian nationalists revolt against the Turks.
1804/--/-- 3 - Stephen Decatur leads a U.S. navy skirmish into Tripoli harbor.
1805/--/-- 4 - American explorers Lewis and Clark reach the Pacific Ocean.
1805/--/-- 4 - Austria sues for peace with France at the Treaty of Pressburg.
1805/--/-- 4 - Britain, Austria, Russia and Sweden form a Third Coalition against France.
1805/--/-- 4 - Muhammad Ali is appointed Pasha (governor) of Egypt by the Ottoman sultan.
1805/--/-- 4 - Nelson defeats the Franco-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar, but is killed during the action.
1805/--/-- 4 - The French defeat Austro-Russian forces at the Battle of Austerlitz.
1805/--/-- 4 - The Shawnee Prophet, brother of Tecumseh, begins planning an Indian uprising.
1806/--/-- 5 - Emperor Jacques I is assassinated; Haiti is divided between Christophe and Petion.
1806/--/-- 5 - Napoleon begins the Continental System, closing European ports to British vessels.
1806/--/-- 5 - Napoleon forces the abdication of Francis II; the Holy Roman Empire is dissolved.
1806/--/-- 5 - Noah Webster publishes "Compendious" Dictionary of the English Language"
1806/--/-- 5 - Prussia joins the Coalition against France, but is defeated at Jena-Auerstadt.
1806/--/-- 5 - Revolutionary leader Francisco de Miranda makes an abortive invasion of Venezuela.
1806/--/-- 5 - The British employ Congreve rockets against a French invasion fleet.
1806/--/-- 5 - U.S. explorer Zebulon Pike is sent west to descend the Red River.
1806/--/-- 5 - William Murdock installs gas lighting in a Manchester cotton mill.
1807/--/-- 6 - Aaron Burr is tried for treason and acquitted.
1807/--/-- 6 - Beethoven completes his Fifth Symphony and begins the Sixth (Pastoral).
1807/--/-- 6 - British chemist Humphry Davy discovers the elements potassium and sodium.
1807/--/-- 6 - Congress passes the Embargo Act in response to interference with U.S. shipping.
1807/--/-- 6 - German philosopher Hegel publishes The Phenomenology of the Spirit.
1807/--/-- 6 - Napoleon defeats the Russian armies; Russia and Prussia sue for peace at Tilsit.
1807/--/-- 6 - Portugal refuses to observe the blockade against England; France invades Portugal.
1807/--/-- 6 - Robert Fulton's steamship the Clermont makes its maiden voyage.
1807/--/-- 6 - Sir Humphry Davy discovers the elements potassium and sodium
1807/--/-- 6 - The Janissaries depose Sultan Selim III and place Mustafa IV on the Ottoman throne.
1807/--/-- 6 - The U.S. frigate Chesapeake is involved in an incident with a British man-of-war.
1807/--/-- 6 - The slave trade is outlawed throughout the British Empire.
1808/--/-- 7 - Beethoven composes "Fifth Symphony"
1808/--/-- 7 - Congress prohibits importing of African slaves
1808/--/-- 7 - Francisco de Goya paints The Third of May, depicting the cruelty of war.
1808/--/-- 7 - French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac isolates the element boron.
1808/--/-- 7 - German artist Caspar David Friedrich exhibits The Cross in the Mountains.
1808/--/-- 7 - Japanese artist Buncho paints True View of Mount Hiko.
1808/--/-- 7 - John Jacob Astor founds the American Fur Company.
1808/--/-- 7 - Napoleon appoints his brother Joseph as king of Spain.
1808/--/-- 7 - Napoleon occupys Spain
1808/--/-- 7 - The British under Wellington aid Portugal against France in the Peninsular War.
1809/--/-- 8 - Frenchman Nicolas Appert develops the first effective method for canning food.
1809/--/-- 8 - German artists Overbeck and Pforr found the Nazarenes.
1809/--/-- 8 - James Madison (Democratic Republican) becomes president of the United States
1809/--/-- 8 - John Stevens' steamboat the Phoenix makes the first ocean-going voyage.
1809/--/-- 8 - Lamarck publishes his theories of evolution in Zoological Philosophy.
1809/--/-- 8 - Metternich draws Austria into the War of the Fifth Coalition against France.
1809/--/-- 8 - Napoleon annexes the Papal States and takes Pope Pius VII prisoner.
1809/--/-- 8 - Russia seizes Finland from Sweden; King Gustav IV Adolf abdicates.
1809/--/-- 8 - The French defeat the Austrians at Wagram; Francis II accepts the Treaty of Schonbrunn.
1810/--/-- 9 - A rebellion against Spain breaks out in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
1810/--/-- 9 - American settlers rebel against the Spanish in West Florida.
1810/--/-- 9 - Kamehameha I becomes ruler of Hawaii and establishes the Kamehameha dynasty.
1810/--/-- 9 - Mexican priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla leads a rebellion against Spanish rule.
1810/--/-- 9 - Revolutions in Latin America lead to independent nations
1810/--/-- 9 - Separatists movements in Latin America
1810/--/-- 9 - The Krupp arms factory is established at Essen in Germany.
1810/--/-- 9 - Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese army holds the French on the outskirts of Lisbon.
1811/--/-- 10 - Bolivar and Miranda lead the Venezuelan congress in a declaration of independence.
1811/--/-- 10 - First steamboat to sail down Mississippi reaches New Orleans
1811/--/-- 10 - George III becomes mentally unstable; the Prince of Wales assumes power as regent.
1811/--/-- 10 - Henri Christophe declares himself king of northern Haiti.
1811/--/-- 10 - Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro develops the concept known as Avogadro's law.
1811/--/-- 10 - Jane Austen "Sense and Sensibility"
1811/--/-- 10 - Jose Artigas raises a force to expel the Spanish from the Banda Oriental (Uruguay).
1811/--/-- 10 - Mexican rebel leader Hidalgo y Costilla is captured and executed.
1811/--/-- 10 - Native Americans defeated in Battle of Tippecanoe in Indiana Territory
1811/--/-- 10 - The Luddites riot in England against the mechanization of the textile industry.
1811/--/-- 10 - The building of the National Road, the first U.S. federal highway, begins in Maryland.
1811/--/-- 10 - The first rowing race in the United States is held in New York.
1811/--/-- 10 - The ruling Mameluke aristocracy is massacred in Cairo by Muhammad Ali.
1811/--/-- 10 - William Henry Harrison defeats the Shawnee Indians at the Battle of Tippecanoe.
1812/--/-- 11 - An earthquake destroys Caracas in Venezuela, killing 12,000.
1812/--/-- 11 - English caricaturist Thomas Rowlandson illustrates the Tour of Dr. Syntax.
1812/--/-- 11 - General William Hull surrenders Detroit to the British.
1812/--/-- 11 - Georges Cuvier develops his theory of catastrophism through the study of fossils.
1812/--/-- 11 - Grimm's Fairy Tales are published in Germany.
1812/--/-- 11 - John Nash begins the oriental conversion of the Royal Pavilion at Brighton.
1812/--/-- 11 - Louisiana is inaugurated as the 18th state of the Union.
1812/--/-- 11 - Napoleon defeated in Russia
1812/--/-- 11 - Napoleon invades Russia with 450,000 men.
1812/--/-- 11 - Napoleon's army retreats from Moscow; only 40,000 men reach France.
1812/--/-- 11 - Rebel leader Morelos y Pavon defeats the Mexican royalist forces at Oaxaca.
1812/--/-- 11 - Spanish forces defeat Bolivar and Miranda in Venezuela; Miranda is imprisoned.
1812/--/-- 11 - Stephen Decatur's frigate United States defeats the British frigate Macedonian.
1812/--/-- 11 - Swiss explorer Jakob Burckhardt rediscovers the ancient city of Petra.
1812/--/-- 11 - Territorial and shipping disputes lead to the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Britain.
1812/--/-- 11 - The French defeat the Russians at Borodino; Napoleon occupies Moscow.
1812/--/-- 11 - The U.S. Navy frigate Constitution defeats 2 British frigates.
1812/--/-- 11 - The ancient city of Petra (now in present-day Jordan) is rediscovered by Johann Burckhardt.
1812/--/-- 11 - The first coal gas generating station is chartered in London to provide gas lighting.
1812/--/-- 11 - War of 1812 Begins
1812/--/-- 11 - Wellington defeats the French at the Battle of Salamanca in Spain.
1813/--/-- 12 - 14 Luddites are hanged at York in England.
1813/--/-- 12 - English novelist Jane Austen publishes Pride and Prejudice.
1813/--/-- 12 - James Wilkinson captures a fort at Mobile, the last Spanish possession in West Florida.
1813/--/-- 12 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Leipzig by the Sixth Coalition.
1813/--/-- 12 - Oliver Hazard Perry's ships destroy the British fleet on Lake Erie.
1813/--/-- 12 - British Indian leader Tecumseh is killed in the Battle of the Thames.
1813/--/-- 12 - Rebel forces invade Venezuela and capture Caracas; Bolivar is declared the Liberator.
1813/--/-- 12 - Robert Southey is made poet laureate of England.
1813/--/-- 12 - Wellington defeats the French in Spain at Vitoria and invades southern France.
1813/--/-- 12 - William Henry Harrison defeats the British at the Battle of the Thames.
1814/--/-- 13 - Actor Edmund Kean makes his debut as Shylock in The Merchant of Venice.
1814/--/-- 13 - Andrew Jackson annihilates the Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
1814/--/-- 13 - Andrew Jackson crushes Creek Resistance in South
1814/--/-- 13 - British forces burn Washington, D.C., but are repulsed at Fort McHenry.
1814/--/-- 13 - Coalition armies invade France; Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to the island of Elba.
1814/--/-- 13 - French artist Ingres paints The Grand Odalisque.
1814/--/-- 13 - George Stephenson constructs his first steam locomotive.
1814/--/-- 13 - Louis XVIII assumes the French throne.
1814/--/-- 13 - New England states discuss their secession from the Union at the Hartford Convention.
1814/--/-- 13 - Pope Pius VII returns to Rome; the Jesuit order is reestablished.
1814/--/-- 13 - The Treaty of Ghent ends the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Britain.
1814/--/-- 13 - Treaty of Ghent
1814/--/-- 13 - U.S. forces under Thomas Macdonough destroy the British fleet on Lake Champlain.
1815/--/-- 14 - French Monarchy re-established
1815/--/-- 14 - Napoleon escapes from Elba and marches on Paris during the Hundred Days.
1815/--/-- 14 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo; he is exiled to the island of Saint Helena.
1815/--/-- 14 - The Americans defeat the British at New Orleans before news of peace arrives.
1815/--/-- 14 - The Barbary States sue for peace with the U.S.
1815/--/-- 14 - The Spanish army reconquers Venezuela; Bolivar flees to Jamaica.
1815/--/-- 14 - The Spanish capture and execute the Mexican rebel leader Morelos y Pavon.
1815/--/-- 14 - The first Gurkha regiment is formed by the British army.
1815/--/-- 14 - War of 1812 Ends
1816/--/-- 15 - Gioacchino Rossini's opera The Barber of Seville is performed in Rome.
1816/--/-- 15 - Indiana is inaugurated as the 19th state of the Union.
1816/--/-- 15 - Maria I of Portugal dies; she is succeeded by John VI who remains in exile in Brazil.
1816/--/-- 15 - Nepal is made a protectorate of British India.
1816/--/-- 15 - Shaka begins establishing the Zulu empire in South Africa.
1816/--/-- 15 - The British Museum buys the Elgin Marbles (smuggled from Greece by Lord Elgin).
1816/--/-- 15 - The United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata (Argentina) declare independence.
1817/--/-- 16 - Construction begins on Erie Canal in New York
1817/--/-- 16 - Construction of the Erie Canal begins in New York State.
1817/--/-- 16 - First Seminole War
1817/--/-- 16 - French physician Rene Laennec invents the stethoscope.
1817/--/-- 16 - James Monroe (Democratic Republican) becomes president of the United States
1817/--/-- 16 - Jose de San Martin and Bernardo O'Higgins defeat the Spanish in Chile.
1817/--/-- 16 - Mississippi is inaugurated as the 20th state of the Union.
1817/--/-- 16 - Monroe is inaugurated as the 5th U.S. president; Tompkins becomes vice-president.
1817/--/-- 16 - Sir Walter Scott writes the Scottish adventure novel Rob Roy.
1818/--/-- 17 - Arthur Schopenhauer publishes The World as Will and Representation.
1818/--/-- 17 - Bernardo O'Higgins becomes the supreme director of independent Chile.
1818/--/-- 17 - Composer Franz Schubert becomes the music teacher to Count Esterhazy's family.
1818/--/-- 17 - English chemist Sir Humphry Davy invents the miner's safety lamp.
1818/--/-- 17 - Illinois is inaugurated as the 21st state of the Union.
1818/--/-- 17 - John Keats "Endymion"
1818/--/-- 17 - Mary Wollstonecroft Shelley publishes the horror novel Frankenstein.
1818/--/-- 17 - Sir John Ross sails in search of the Northwest Passage.
1818/--/-- 17 - Thomas Love Peacock publishes his comic novel Nightmare Abbey.
1818/--/-- 17 - Treaty with Britain sets 49th parallel
1819/--/-- 18 - Alabama is inaugurated as the 22nd state of the Union.
1819/--/-- 18 - American artist Washington Allston paints Moonlit Landscape.
1819/--/-- 18 - Bolivar defeats the Spanish in Colombia at the Battle of Boyaca.
1819/--/-- 18 - Lord Byron begins his satirical poem Don Juan.
1819/--/-- 18 - Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles acquires Singapore for the East India Company.
1819/--/-- 18 - Spain surrenders East and West Florida to the U.S. in the Adams-Onis Treaty.
1819/--/-- 18 - The Prado Museum is inaugurated in Madrid.
1819/--/-- 18 - The Savannah becomes the first steamship to cross the Atlantic.
1819/--/-- 18 - Treaty with Spain sets boundaries
1820/--/-- 19 - Carbonari Italian nationalists rebel against the rule of Ferdinand I in Naples.
1820/--/-- 19 - English poet John Keats writes Ode To a Nightingale.
1820/--/-- 19 - English poet Percy Bysshe Shelley writes Prometheus Unbound.
1820/--/-- 19 - Fed offers land at $1.25 an acre
1820/--/-- 19 - French navigator Dumont d'Urville discovers the Venus de Milo on the island of Melos.
1820/--/-- 19 - French poet Alphonse de Lamartine publishes Meditations Poetiques.
1820/--/-- 19 - Henri Christophe commits suicide; Haiti is united under Jean Pierre Boyer.
1820/--/-- 19 - Juan Manuel de Rosas becomes the virtual dictator of Argentina.
1820/--/-- 19 - Maine is inaugurated as the 23rd state of the Union.
1820/--/-- 19 - Missouri Compromise
1820/--/-- 19 - Percy Bysshe Shelly "Prometheus Unbound"
1820/--/-- 19 - Russian Admiral Fabian von Bellingshausen sights land in the Antarctic.
1820/--/-- 19 - Stephen H. Long explores the Rocky Mountain region.
1820/--/-- 19 - The Missouri Compromise admits Missouri to the Union as a slave state.
1820/--/-- 19 - The Prince Regent becomes King George IV on the death of George III.
1820/--/-- 19 - The first American missionaries are admitted to Hawaii.
1820/--/-- 19 - The first free American slaves to be resettled in Africa land in Liberia.
1820/--/-- 19 - U.S. navy hero Stephen Decatur is killed in a duel.
1820/--/-- 19 - Washington Irving publishes Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.
1821/--/-- 20 - American captain John Davis is the first to land on the continent of Antarctica.
1821/--/-- 20 - Bolivar forms Gran Colombia (Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela and Panama).
1821/--/-- 20 - Brazil annexes the Banda Oriental (Uruguay).
1821/--/-- 20 - English landscape artist John Constable paints The Hay Wain.
1821/--/-- 20 - King John VI is reinstated on the Portuguese throne.
1821/--/-- 20 - Mexican Independence
1821/--/-- 20 - Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic rotation
1821/--/-- 20 - Missouri Compromise
1821/--/-- 20 - Missouri is inaugurated as the 24th state of the Union.
1821/--/-- 20 - Napoleon dies on Saint Helena.
1821/--/-- 20 - Revolutionary general San Martin enters Lima and declares Peru independent.
1821/--/-- 20 - Revolutionary leader Iturbide declares Mexican independence from Spain.
1821/--/-- 20 - Simon Bolivar defeats the Spanish forces in Venezuela and Ecuador.
1821/--/-- 20 - The Cherokee Indian Sequoya develops the Cherokee written language.
1821/--/-- 20 - The Greek War of Independence begins against Turkey.
1821/--/-- 20 - Thomas de Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium Eater is published.
1821/07/09 21 - George IV crowned King of Great Britain and Ireland at Westminster Abbey by Char
1821/11/29 21 *** Ferguson, Champion [Son] - Born to Ferguson, William R. and Huff, Zilpha (Ferguson)
1822/--/-- 21 - American surgeon William Beaumont begins his study of the gastric process.
1822/--/-- 21 - Antonio Jose de Sucre defeats the Spanish in Ecuador at the Battle of Pichincha.
1822/--/-- 21 - British statesman Lord Castlereagh commits suicide.
1822/--/-- 21 - Denmark Vesey leads a slave revolt in Charleston; 35 blacks are executed.
1822/--/-- 21 - Dom Pedro, son of Portuguese King John VI, declares Brazil independent.
1822/--/-- 21 - Egyptian leader Muhammad Ali completes the conquest of northern Sudan.
1822/--/-- 21 - French scholar Jean Francois Champollion deciphers the Rosetta Stone hieroglyphics.
1823/--/-- 22 - Charles Babbage begins work on his difference engine, a precursor of the computer.
1823/--/-- 22 - Charles Lamb publishes his Essays of Elia in The London Magazine.
1823/--/-- 22 - Charles Macintosh patents the waterproof fabric used in mackintosh raincoats.
1823/--/-- 22 - General Santa Anna leads a coup against Mexican Emperor Agustin I (Iturbide).
1823/--/-- 22 - James Fenimore Cooper publishes the first volume of The Leatherstocking Tales.
1823/--/-- 22 - Japanese artist Hokusai begins a series of Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji.
1823/--/-- 22 - Ludwig van Beethoven completes his 9th Symphony.
1823/--/-- 22 - Monroe Doctrine
1823/--/-- 22 - Rugby football originates at Rugby School in England.
1823/--/-- 22 - The Monroe Doctrine warns Europe not to interfere in the Americas.
1824/--/-- 23 - De Sucre defeats the Spanish at the Battle of Ayacucho, liberating Peru.
1824/--/-- 23 - Disputes over the border of India lead to war between Britain and Burma.
1824/--/-- 23 - English poet Lord Byron travels to Greece to aid the patriots but dies of a fever.
1824/--/-- 23 - Jons Jakob Berzelius discovers the element silicon about this time.
1824/--/-- 23 - Sadi Carnot lays the foundations for the second law of thermodynamics.
1824/--/-- 23 - The Ashanti begin a war of resistance against Britain in the Gold Coast (Ghana).
1824/--/-- 23 - The Ashanti begin a war of resistance against Britain in the Gold Coast (Ghana).
1824/--/-- 23 - The National Gallery is founded in London.
1825/--/-- 24 - Adams is inaugurated as the 6th U.S. president; Calhoun becomes vice-president.
1825/--/-- 24 - American painter Thomas Cole founds the Hudson River School about this time.
1825/--/-- 24 - English literary critic William Hazlitt publishes The Spirit of the Age.
1825/--/-- 24 - John Quincy Adams (Democratic Republican) becomes president of the United States
1825/--/-- 24 - Kappa Alpha, the first social fraternity, is formed at Union College, New York.
1825/--/-- 24 - Mountain man James Bridger discovers the Great Salt Lake.
1825/--/-- 24 - Nicholas I is made emperor of Russia; the Decembrists revolt breaks out.
1825/--/-- 24 - The Central American Federation declares its independence from Mexico.
1825/--/-- 24 - Thomas Cole establishes Hudson River school of landscape painting
1825/--/-- 24 - Uruguayan leader Lavalleja precipitates a war between Brazil and Argentina.
1825/--/-- 24 - Welsh reformer Robert Owen founds a community at New Harmony, Indiana.
1826/--/-- 25 - American engineer John Stevens builds the first U.S. steam locomotive.
1826/--/-- 25 - Andre Ampere publishes his Theory of Electrodynamic Phenomenon.
1826/--/-- 25 - British engineer Thomas Telford builds the Menai suspension bridge in Wales.
1826/--/-- 25 - Felix Mendelssohn composes his overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream at age 17.
1826/--/-- 25 - German poet Heine begins the publication of Reisebilder (Travel Pictures).
1826/--/-- 25 - Ohm's law establishes the relationship of electrical voltage, current and resistance.
1826/--/-- 25 - Revolutionary leader Antonio Jose de Sucre is elected first president of Bolivia.
1827/--/-- 26 - American frontiersman Davy Crockett is elected to Congress.
1827/--/-- 26 - Audubon publishes " Birds of America"
1827/--/-- 26 - Britain, France and Russia demand that Turkey ends the war with Greece.
1827/--/-- 26 - English inventor John Walker introduces the first friction matches.
1827/--/-- 26 - French landscape artist Camille Corot paints the Bridge at Narni.
1827/--/-- 26 - Mountain man Jedediah Smith pioneers an overland route to California.
1827/--/-- 26 - Ornithologist John James Audubon begins the publication of his Birds of America.
1827/--/-- 26 - The Allied navies destroy the Turkish and Egyptian fleet at Navarino in Greece.
1828/--/-- 27 - Composer Frederic Chopin begins concert tours at age 18.
1828/--/-- 27 - Greeks win War of Independence from Ottoman Empire
1828/--/-- 27 - Lavalleja's Thirty-three Immortals achieve Uruguayan independence from Brazil.
1828/--/-- 27 - Noah Webster publishes his American Dictionary of the English Language.
1828/--/-- 27 - Rammohun Roy founds the Brahmo Samaj religious society in India.
1828/--/-- 27 - The Duke of Wellington becomes prime minister of Britain.
1828/--/-- 27 - Virtuoso violin player Niccolo Paganini performs in Vienna.
1829/--/-- 28 - Andrew Jackson (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1829/--/-- 28 - Delacroix paints "Death of Sardanapalus"
1829/--/-- 28 - Explorer Charles Sturt charts the Murray River in Australia.
1829/--/-- 28 - Jackson introduces spoils system
1829/--/-- 28 - Jackson is inaugurated as the 7th U.S. president; Calhoun continues as vice-president.
1829/--/-- 28 - Lord Bentinck bans the Indian custom of suttee (the burning of widows).
1829/--/-- 28 - Louis Braille publishes his braille system of writing for the blind.
1829/--/-- 28 - Serbia becomes an autonomous principality under Prince Milos.
1829/--/-- 28 - Sir Robert Peel reorganizes the London police; his policemen are nicknamed Bobbies.
1829/--/-- 28 - Sir Robert Peel sponsers the Catholic Emancipation Act in Britain.
1829/--/-- 28 - The convict-free British colony of Western Australia is founded.
1829/--/-- 28 - The first U.S. encyclopedia, the Encyclopedia Americana, is begun.
1829/08/22 29 *** Ferguson, Jemima Amanda (Cowan) [Daughter] - Born to Ferguson, William R. and Huff, Zilpha (Ferguson)
1830/--/-- 29 - Belgium asserts its independence from the Netherlands.
1830/--/-- 29 - British geologist Charles Lyell begins publishing his Principles of Geology.
1830/--/-- 29 - Fructuoso Rivera is elected as first president of Uruguay.
1830/--/-- 29 - George Catlin begins his paintings of North American Indians about this time.
1830/--/-- 29 - Greece becomes independent from Turkey.
1830/--/-- 29 - Hector Berlioz composes his first major work the Symphonie Fantastique.
1830/--/-- 29 - Indian Removal Act moves eastern Indians west of Mississippi
1830/--/-- 29 - Joseph Smith founds the Mormon church at Fayette, New York.
1830/--/-- 29 - Louis Philippe is chosen as the citizen king of France.
1830/--/-- 29 - Philipon publishes the satirical weekly La Caricature, with contributions by Daumier.
1830/--/-- 29 - Polish rebellions are suppressed by Russia.
1830/--/-- 29 - Simon Bolivar resigns as dictator of Gran Colombia, he dies later in the year.
1830/--/-- 29 - The Indian Removal Act is passed to move the southeastern tribes to Indian Territory.
1830/--/-- 29 - The July Revolution in France forces the abdication of Charles X.
1830/--/-- 29 - The Women's magazine Godey's Lady's Book is published in the U.S.
1830/--/-- 29 - The locomotive Best Friend of Charleston is in use on the first U.S. railroad.
1830/--/-- 29 - William IV succeeds George IV as king of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
1831/--/-- 30 - British naturalist Charles Darwin sails to South America aboard H.M.S. Beagle.
1831/--/-- 30 - Cyrus McCormick invents a mechanical reaper.
1831/--/-- 30 - Explorer James Clark Ross determines the position of the north magnetic pole.
1831/--/-- 30 - Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini founds the Young Italy movement.
1831/--/-- 30 - Jose Antonio Paez becomes the first president of Venezuela.
1831/--/-- 30 - King Louis Philippe founds the French foreign legion.
1831/--/-- 30 - Leopold I is selected as the first king of Belgium.
1831/--/-- 30 - Michael Faraday demonstrates his theory of electromagnetic induction.
1831/--/-- 30 - Nat Turner leads a black slave revolt in Virginia; he is captured and hanged.
1831/--/-- 30 - Russian poet Aleksandr Pushkin completes his masterpiece Eugene Onegin.
1831/--/-- 30 - The crown colony of British Guiana (Guyana) is formed.
1831/--/-- 30 - Victor Hugo "Hunchback of Notre Dame"
1831/--/-- 30 - William Lloyd Garrison publishes the abolitionist newspaper the Liberator.
1832/--/-- 31 - George Sand (Aurore Dudevant) publishes her first novel Indiana.
1832/--/-- 31 - Japanese artist Hiroshige begins work on Fifty-three Stages of the Tokaido.
1832/--/-- 31 - Samuel F.B. Morse designs improved electromagnetic telegraph
1832/--/-- 31 - The Black Hawk War is the last major Indian conflict east of the Mississippi River.
1832/--/-- 31 - The Democratic party is formally established as a national organization.
1833/--/-- 32 - A Bavarian prince becomes King Otto of Greece.
1833/--/-- 32 - Britain occupies the Falkland Islands.
1833/--/-- 32 - Carl von Clausewitz's classic study of warfare On War is published.
1833/--/-- 32 - General Santa Anna becomes president of Mexico.
1833/--/-- 32 - Isabella II succeeds Ferdinand VII, King of Spain; the Carlist Wars begin.
1833/--/-- 32 - President Jackson withdraws federal deposits from the Bank of the United States.
1833/--/-- 32 - Santa Anna elected President of Mexico
1833/--/-- 32 - The American Anti-Slavery Society is inaugurated in Philadelphia.
1833/--/-- 32 - Victor Hugo's novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame is published in English.
1834/--/-- 33 - A Quadruple Alliance is formed to aid Isabella II of Spain and Maria II of Portugal.
1834/--/-- 33 - American inventor Jacob Perkins patents the first practical ice-making machine.
1834/--/-- 33 - British politician Sir Robert Peel founds the Conservative Party.
1834/--/-- 33 - Indian Territory founded
1834/--/-- 33 - Slavery abolished in British Empire
1834/--/-- 33 - The Carlist Wars resume in Spain.
1834/--/-- 33 - The Hansom cab is designed; it becomes the standard horse-drawn cab in London.
1834/--/-- 33 - The Whig party is formed to oppose Andrew Jackson and the Democratic party.
1835/--/-- 34 - American settlers begin the Texas Revolution against Mexican rule.
1835/--/-- 34 - Attempts to move the Seminole Indians begins the second Seminole War.
1835/--/-- 34 - Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen publishes Tales Told for Children.
1835/--/-- 34 - French politician Alexis de Tocqueville publishes Democracy in America.
1835/--/-- 34 - James Gordon Bennett founds the New York Herald newspaper.
1835/--/-- 34 - Second Seminole War in Florida
1836/--/-- 35 - American educator William Holmes McGuffey begins editing his Readers.
1836/--/-- 35 - American inventor Samuel Colt begins manufacturing the first revolver.
1836/--/-- 35 - American literary figure Ralph Waldo Emerson founds the Transcendental Club.
1836/--/-- 35 - Arkansas is inaugurated as the 25th state of the Union.
1836/--/-- 35 - Boer (Afrikaner) settlers begin the Great Trek into the South African interior.
1836/--/-- 35 - Bolivian president Santa Cruz invades Peru and forms the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.
1836/--/-- 35 - Charles Barry designs Westminster Palace in the Gothic Revival style.
1836/--/-- 35 - Charles Dickens publishes his first popular work The Pickwick Papers.
1836/--/-- 35 - John C. Calhoun supports the gag rules to prevent Congress debating slavery.
1836/--/-- 35 - Republic of Texas forms
1836/--/-- 35 - Russian author Nikolai Gogol writes his play The Inspector General.
1836/--/-- 35 - Santa Anna's army storms the Alamo in Texas, killing the defenders.
1836/--/-- 35 - Texans under Sam Houston defeat Santa Anna at the San Jacinto River.
1836/--/-- 35 - Texas Revolution
1836/--/-- 35 - The Arc de Triomphe, the world's largest triumphal arch, is completed in Paris.
1837/--/-- 36 - Britain's refusal to grant more home rule in Canada leads to the Rebellions of 1837.
1837/--/-- 36 - British scientist Charles Wheatstone designs an electric telegraph system.
1837/--/-- 36 - Charles Dickens "Oliver Twist"
1837/--/-- 36 - Louis Daguerre invents the daguerreotype method for taking permanent photographs.
1837/--/-- 36 - Martin Van Buren (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1837/--/-- 36 - Michigan is inaugurated as the 26th state of the Union.
1837/--/-- 36 - Mikhail Lermontov writes the Death of a Poet, inspired by the death of Pushkin.
1837/--/-- 36 - Russian poet Aleksandr Pushkin is killed in a duel.
1837/--/-- 36 - Scottish historian Thomas Carlyle publishes The French Revolution.
1837/--/-- 36 - Seminole Indian leader Osceola is captured.
1837/--/-- 36 - Van Buren is inaugurated as the 8th U.S. president; Johnson becomes vice-president.
1837/--/-- 36 - William IV dies; Victoria succeeds him as Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
1837/06/-- 37 - Victoria succeeds as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland.
1838/--/-- 37 - Boer (Afrikaner) leader Andries Pretorius defeats the Zulus at the Battle of Blood River.
1838/--/-- 37 - British artist Joseph Mallord William Turner paints the Fighting Temeraire.
1838/--/-- 37 - Charles Wilkes heads a U.S. Navy expedition to Antarctica.
1838/--/-- 37 - Cherokee "Trail of Tears"
1838/--/-- 37 - French philosopher Auguste Comte inaugurates the science of sociology.
1838/--/-- 37 - Iowa Territory organized
1838/--/-- 37 - John Deere develops a steel-tipped plow capable of turning heavy prairie soil.
1838/--/-- 37 - Samuel F.B. Morse develops the Morse code for electric telegraph systems.
1838/--/-- 37 - Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick Macmillan makes the first pedal-driven bicycle.
1838/06/08 38 - Victoria crowned Queen of Great Britain and Ireland at Westminster Abbey by Will
1839/--/-- 38 - American inventor Charles Goodyear develops the vulcanization of rubber.
1839/--/-- 38 - Chile defeats Santa Cruz's Peru-Bolivian Confederation at the Battle of Yungay.
1839/--/-- 38 - Daguerre invents first form of photography
1839/--/-- 38 - French novelist Stendhal writes The Charterhouse of Parma.
1839/--/-- 38 - Hungarian composer and pianist Franz Liszt embarks on a concert tour of Europe.
1839/--/-- 38 - Jose Rafael Carrera captures Guatemala; the Central American Federation is dissolved.
1839/--/-- 38 - Stephens and Catherwood explore Maya ruins in the Yucatan.
1839/--/-- 38 - The Anglo-Afghan Wars begin in Afghanistan.
1839/--/-- 38 - The Opium Wars begin between Britain and China.
1839/--/-- 38 - Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden formulate the cell theory.
1840/--/-- 39 - Civil War breaks out in Uruguay between the Colorados (reds) and Blancos (whites).
1840/--/-- 39 - Edgar Allen Poe: "Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque"
1840/--/-- 39 - French philosopher and anarchist Pierre Joseph Proudhon writes What is Property.
1840/--/-- 39 - Horatio Greenough's classical statue of George Washington is strongly criticized.
1840/--/-- 39 - Maori chiefs sign over their tribal lands to Queen Victoria in the Treaty of Waitangi.
1840/--/-- 39 - Queen Victoria marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg.
1840/--/-- 39 - Swiss-American naturalist Louis Agassiz postulates his theory of ice ages.
1840/--/-- 39 - The Liberty party is founded in Albany, N.Y. based exclusively on an antislavery platform.
1840/--/-- 39 - The Underground Railroad is active in helping escaping slaves in the U.S.
1840/--/-- 39 - The first adhesive postage stamp, the Penny Black, is issued in London.
1840/--/-- 39 - The metric system of measurement is reinstated in France.
1840/--/-- 39 - Upper and Lower Canada are united in the single Province of Canada.
1840/--/-- 39 - Upper and lower Canada united
1841/--/-- 40 - Edgar Allan Poe writes an early detective story The Murders in the Rue Morgue.
1841/--/-- 40 - George Grey is appointed governor of South Australia to help save the colony.
1841/--/-- 40 - Harrison is inaugurated as the 9th U.S. president; Tyler becomes vice-president.
1841/--/-- 40 - Horace Greeley founds the New York Tribune newspaper.
1841/--/-- 40 - Italian ballerina Carlotta Grisi creates the role of Giselle.
1841/--/-- 40 - John Tyler (Whig) becomes president of the United States
1841/--/-- 40 - Muhammad Ali defeats the Ottomans and becomes the hereditary ruler of Egypt.
1841/--/-- 40 - New Zealand is established as a separate British colony.
1841/--/-- 40 - President Harrison dies; John Tyler is inaugurated as the 10th U.S. president
1841/--/-- 40 - Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne resigns; he is succeeded by Sir Robert Peel.
1841/--/-- 40 - William Henry Harrison (Whig) becomes president of the United States
1841/--/-- 40 - William Henry Talbot patents the calotype photographic process.
1842/--/-- 41 - 10-hour day for children under 12 in Massachusetts
1842/--/-- 41 - American explorer John C. Fremont begins surveying the Oregon Trail.
1842/--/-- 41 - American showman P.T. Barnum discovers the 40-inch midget Tom Thumb.
1842/--/-- 41 - Austrian physicist Christian Johann Doppler predicts the Doppler effect.
1842/--/-- 41 - China cedes Hong Kong to Britain.
1842/--/-- 41 - China is defeated in the first Opium War; Chinese ports are opened to British trade.
1842/--/-- 41 - Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti writes his opera Don Pasquale.
1843/--/-- 42 - A coup in Greece forces King Otto to accept a constitutional monarchy.
1843/--/-- 42 - Black American Sojourner Truth begins her reform mission.
1843/--/-- 42 - Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard publishes Either/Or.
1843/--/-- 42 - English art critic John Ruskin begins publishing Modern Painters.
1843/--/-- 42 - German astronomer Samuel Schwabe discovers the sunspot cycle.
1844/--/-- 43 - Alexander Dumas "The Three Muskateers"
1844/--/-- 43 - Eastern Hispaniola declares independence from Haiti as the Dominican Republic.
1844/--/-- 43 - French author Alexandre Dumas (Dumas pere) publishes The Three Musketeers.
1844/--/-- 43 - Joseph Smith, founder of the Mormons, is killed by a lynch mob.
1844/--/-- 43 - Samuel F.B. Morse establishes the first U.S. telegraph link.
1844/--/-- 43 - Settlers in New South Wales force Britain to stop sending convicts to the colony.
1844/--/-- 43 - The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is founded in England.
1844/--/-- 43 - William Henry Talbot begins his Pencil of Nature, the first book of photographs.
1845/--/-- 44 - American author Margaret Fuller publishes Women in the Nineteenth Century.
1845/--/-- 44 - British archaeologist Austen Layard excavates the sites of Nimrud and Nineveh.
1845/--/-- 44 - Civil War ends in Peru; Castilla Ramon is elected as president.
1845/--/-- 44 - Failure of the potato crop leads to a famine in Ireland.
1845/--/-- 44 - Florida is inaugurated as the 27th state of the Union.
1845/--/-- 44 - French artists Gavarni and Grandville begin designing the first elaborate posters.
1845/--/-- 44 - German composer Robert Schumann writes his Piano Concerto in A minor.
1845/--/-- 44 - German scientist Alexander von Humboldt publishes the first volume of his Kosmos.
1845/--/-- 44 - James K. Polk (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1845/--/-- 44 - Polk is inaugurated as the 11th U.S. president; Dallas becomes vice-president
1845/--/-- 44 - Sir John Franklin leads an ill-fated expedition in search of the Northwest Passage.
1845/--/-- 44 - The Republic of Texas becomes the 28th state of the Union.
1845/--/-- 44 - The Republic of Texas is annexed by the U.S.; it becomes the 28th state of the Union.
1845/--/-- 44 - The Sikh Wars begin in British India.
1845/--/-- 44 - The first clipper ship the Rainbow is built in New York.
1845/--/-- 44 - The term Manifest Destiny is first used in defense of U.S. territorial ambitions.
1846/--/-- 45 - Adolphe Sax patents the saxophone in Paris.
1846/--/-- 45 - American dentist William Morton extracts a tooth using ether as an anesthetic.
1846/--/-- 45 - German astronomer Johann Galle makes the first observation of the planet Neptune.
1846/--/-- 45 - German philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach publishes The Essence of Religion.
1846/--/-- 45 - Henry Creswicke Rawlinson deciphers the Mesopotamian cuneiform script.
1846/--/-- 45 - Iowa is inaugurated as the 29th state of the Union.
1846/--/-- 45 - Mexican War
1846/--/-- 45 - Mormon trek from Navoo to Salt Lake City
1846/--/-- 45 - Oregon boundary with Canada established at 49th parallel
1846/--/-- 45 - The Christy Minstrels begin performing in New York.
1846/--/-- 45 - The Mexican War begins over the U.S. annexation of Texas.
1846/--/-- 45 - The Mexican government collapses; Santa Anna is reelected as president.
1846/--/-- 45 - The Smithsonian Institution is created by Congress.
1846/--/-- 45 - The border between the U.S. and Canada is established, settling the Oregon Question.
1846/--/-- 45 - U.S. forces under Stephen Watts Kearny occupy New Mexico.
1846/--/-- 45 - U.S. forces under Zachary Taylor defeat the Mexicans at Palo Alto and Monterrey.
1846/--/-- 45 - Writer and artist Edward Lear publishes A Book of Nonsense.
1847/--/-- 46 - American missionary Marcus Whitman is killed by Cayuse Indians in Oregon.
1847/--/-- 46 - American oceanographer Matthew Maury publishes his first Wind and Current Charts.
1847/--/-- 46 - Charlotte Bronte publishes Jane Eyre; Emily Bronte publishes Wuthering Heights.
1847/--/-- 46 - English novelist William Makepeace Thackeray begins Vanity Fair.
1847/--/-- 46 - Honore de Balzac completes La Comedie humaine, a collection of over 100 novels.
1847/--/-- 46 - Italian statesman Cavour founds the liberal newspaper Il Risorgimento (resurgence).
1847/--/-- 46 - Maria Mitchell, the first woman astronomer in America, discovers a new comet.
1847/--/-- 46 - Mormons and the Indians
1847/--/-- 46 - Scott enters Mexico City after a series of battles; Mexico sues for peace.
1847/--/-- 46 - Sir James Simpson uses chloroform for childbirth
1847/--/-- 46 - Taylor defeats Santa Anna's Mexican army at the Battle of Buena Vista.
1847/--/-- 46 - The African slave colony of Liberia is declared independent.
1847/--/-- 46 - The American Medical Association is founded.
1847/--/-- 46 - The Mormons under Brigham Young found Salt Lake City.
1847/--/-- 46 - The U.S. post office begins using adhesive postage stamps.
1847/--/-- 46 - U.S. forces under Stockton, Fremont and Kearny occupy California.
1847/--/-- 46 - U.S. forces under Winfield Scott land at Veracruz and advance on Mexico City.
1848/--/-- 47 - A Czech uprising under Frantisek Palacky is suppressed by Austria.
1848/--/-- 47 - American engineer James Bogardus begins using cast-iron for building construction.
1848/--/-- 47 - February Revolution by French workers makes Louis Napoleon III President of 2nd Reublic
1848/--/-- 47 - Ferdinand I abdicates; Francis Joseph becomes Emperor of Austria.
1848/--/-- 47 - French Barbizon artist Theodore Rousseau paints the Forest at Fontainebleau.
1848/--/-- 47 - French author Alexandre Dumas (Dumas fils) publishes his novel Camille.
1848/--/-- 47 - Gold discovered in California
1848/--/-- 47 - Holman Hunt, Millais and Rossetti form the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in Britain.
1848/--/-- 47 - Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish the Communist Manifesto.
1848/--/-- 47 - Karl Marx and Friedrick Engels publish "Communist Manifesto"
1848/--/-- 47 - Louis Philippe abdicates; a Second Republic is declared in France.
1848/--/-- 47 - Mexican Cession
1848/--/-- 47 - Risorgimento leader Garibaldi returns to Italy to fight in the war of independence.
1848/--/-- 47 - Scottish physicist William Thomson Kelvin proposes an absolute temperature scale.
1848/--/-- 47 - The Austrian revolution begins in Vienna; chancellor Metternich resigns.
1848/--/-- 47 - The Revolutions of 1848 break out in Europe.
1848/--/-- 47 - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ratifies the cession of California and New Mexico.
1848/--/-- 47 - The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill begins the California gold rush.
1848/--/-- 47 - The first U.S. women's rights assembly meets at the Seneca Falls Convention.
1848/--/-- 47 - Uprisings in Berlin force Frederick William IV to summon a constitutional assembly.
1848/--/-- 47 - Wisconsin is inaugurated as the 30th state of the Union.
1848/07/23 48 *** Ferguson, Champion [Son] & Owen, Martha (Ferguson) - Married
1849/--/-- 48 - Amelia Bloomer publicizes bloomers (baggy trousers for women) in the Lily magazine.
1849/--/-- 48 - Austrian forces crush the Italian revolution; Mazzini and Garibaldi flee from Italy.
1849/--/-- 48 - Austrian premier Felix Schwarzenberg uses the Russian army to defeat the Hungarians.
1849/--/-- 48 - Black slave Harriet Tubman escapes and begins her Underground Railway work.
1849/--/-- 48 - Elizabeth Blackwell becomes the first woman to obtain a medical degree.
1849/--/-- 48 - Francois Rene de Chateaubriand publishes Memoirs From Beyond the Tomb.
1849/--/-- 48 - French physicist Armand Fizeau measures the velocity of light.
1849/--/-- 48 - Lajos Kossuth declares Hungarian independence from Austria.
1849/--/-- 48 - Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin is deported to Siberia.
1849/--/-- 48 - Taylor is inaugurated as the 12th U.S. president; Fillmore becomes vice-president
1849/--/-- 48 - Zachary Taylor (Whig) becomes president of the United States
1850/--/-- 49 - Allan Pinkerton founds the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.
1850/--/-- 49 - American author Nathaniel Hawthorne writes The Scarlet Letter.
1850/--/-- 49 - American popular songwriter Stephen Foster publishes Camptown Races.
1850/--/-- 49 - California is inaugurated as the 31st state of the Union.
1850/--/-- 49 - Congress reinforces the Fugitive Slave Law for the return of escaped slaves.
1850/--/-- 49 - Elizabeth Barrett Browning publishes her Sonnets From the Portuguese.
1850/--/-- 49 - English author Charles Dickens writes David Copperfield.
1850/--/-- 49 - French realist artist Gustave Courbet paints The Stone Breakers.
1850/--/-- 49 - Jenny Lind the Swedish nightingale begins her U.S. tour.
1850/--/-- 49 - Millard Fillmore (Whig) becomes president of the United States
1850/--/-- 49 - Nathanial Hawthorne "The Scarlet Letter"
1850/--/-- 49 - Photographer Mathew Brady publishes The Gallery of Illustrious Americans.
1850/--/-- 49 - Plains Indians cede land in exchange for reservations
1850/--/-- 49 - President Taylor dies; Millard Fillmore is inaugurated as the 13th U.S. president.
1850/--/-- 49 - The Compromise of 1850 establishes California as a non-slavery state.
1850/--/-- 49 - The Taiping Rebellion breaks out in China against the Ch'ing dynasty.
1850/--/-- 49 - The first issue of Harper's magazine is published.
1850/--/-- 49 - Utah and New Mexico Territories
1851/--/-- 50 - A gold rush begins in Victoria, Australia; Victoria becomes a separate colony.
1851/--/-- 50 - American author Herman Melville publishes Moby-Dick.
1851/--/-- 50 - Giuseppe Verdi's opera Rigoletto is produced in Venice.
1851/--/-- 50 - Harriet Beecher Stowe begins publishing Uncle Tom's Cabin.
1851/--/-- 50 - Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones found the New York Times.
1851/--/-- 50 - Isaac Merrit Singer invents the first practical sewing machine.
1851/--/-- 50 - Jacob Fussell begins making ice cream in commercial quantities in Baltimore.
1851/--/-- 50 - Melville "Moby Dick"
1851/--/-- 50 - Mongkut (Rama IV) becomes king of Siam (Thailand).
1851/--/-- 50 - Singer patents sewing machine
1851/--/-- 50 - The Crystal Palace is built in London to house the Great Exhibition.
1851/--/-- 50 - The U.S. yacht America defeats 17 British yachts in the first America's Cup contest.
1851/--/-- 50 - The first college sorority is established at Wesleyan College, Georgia.
1852/--/-- 51 - Argentinean dictator Rosas is defeated by forces under Urquiza at Monte Caseros.
1852/--/-- 51 - Britain gains control of the Irrawaddy delta after the second Anglo-Burma War.
1852/--/-- 51 - The Grimms begin publication of their Deutsches Worterbuch (German Dictionary).
1852/--/-- 51 - The Second Empire begins in France under Napoleon III.
1853/--/-- 52 - A U.S. naval squadron under Matthew Perry enters Tokyo Bay to negotiate a treaty.
1853/--/-- 52 - Chinese rebels capture Nanking and make it the capital of the Taiping kingdom.
1853/--/-- 52 - Crimean War between Turkey, France & Britain against Russia
1853/--/-- 52 - Franklin Pierce (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1853/--/-- 52 - Franklin Pierce is inaugurated as the 14th U.S. president; King becomes vice-president.
1853/--/-- 52 - General Santa Anna becomes dictator of Mexico for the last time.
1853/--/-- 52 - Georges Haussmann begins the reconstruction of Paris.
1853/--/-- 52 - Napoleon III marries the Empress Eugenie.
1853/--/-- 52 - Richard Wagner begins his cycle of four operas The Ring of The Nibelung.
1853/--/-- 52 - Russia occupies the Turkish principalities of Moldavia and Walachia.
1853/--/-- 52 - The U.S. adds land to New Mexico and Arizona with the Gadsden Purchase.
1853/--/-- 52 - Turkey issues an ultimatum to Russia; the Russians destroy the Turkish fleet at Sinope.
1854/--/-- 53 - A commercial treaty is signed between the U.S. and Japan, ending Japanese isolation.
1854/--/-- 53 - American writer and naturalist Henry David Thoreau publishes Walden.
1854/--/-- 53 - An Anglo-French-Turkish expeditionary force lands at Sevastopol in the Crimea.
1854/--/-- 53 - Britain and France declare war on Russia, beginning the Crimean War.
1854/--/-- 53 - Nebraska and Kansas Territories
1854/--/-- 53 - Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary.
1854/--/-- 53 - Raphaelite artist Holman Hunt paints The Scapegoat.
1854/--/-- 53 - Republican Party formed for abolition of slavery
1854/--/-- 53 - Smith & Wesson invent revolver
1854/--/-- 53 - The Allied armies defeat the Russians at the Battle of Inkerman.
1854/--/-- 53 - The British grant independence to the Orange Free State in South Africa.
1854/--/-- 53 - The Charge of the Light Brigade is made by the British during the Battle of Balaklava.
1854/--/-- 53 - The Kansas-Nebraska Act reopens the controversy over the spread of slavery.
1854/--/-- 53 - The Republican party is formed after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
1854/--/-- 53 - Upper half of Indian Territory becomes part of Kansas Territory
1855/--/-- 54 - British photographer Roger Fenton documents the Crimean War.
1855/--/-- 54 - Florence Nightingale reforms hygienic standards in Crimean hospitals.
1855/--/-- 54 - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow publishes The Songs of Hiawatha.
1855/--/-- 54 - Lord Palmerston becomes prime minister of Great Britain for the first time.
1855/--/-- 54 - Matthew Fontaine Maury publishes The Physical Geography of the Sea.
1855/--/-- 54 - Mexican dictator Santa Anna is overthrown.
1855/--/-- 54 - Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia dies; he is succeeded by his son Alexander II.
1855/--/-- 54 - Robert Browning publishes his poetry collection Men and Women.
1855/--/-- 54 - Scottish explorer David Livingstone discovers the Victoria Falls in Africa.
1855/--/-- 54 - The Allies occupy the Russian fortress at Sevastapol in the Crimea.
1855/--/-- 54 - The first formal ice hockey game is played in Kingston, Ontario.
1855/--/-- 54 - Walt Whitman publishes his first book of poetry, the Leaves of Grass.
1856/--/-- 55 - A new Opium War begins between China, Britain and France.
1856/--/-- 55 - English chemist William Perkin discovers synthetic dyes.
1856/--/-- 55 - The Treaty of Paris ends the Crimean War.
1856/--/-- 55 - The first Neanderthaler (prehistoric human) skeleton is discovered in Germany.
1856/--/-- 55 - Victor Hugo writes Les Miserables during his exile from France.
1857/--/-- 56 - Buchanan is inaugurated as the 15th U.S. president; Breckinridge becomes vice-president.
1857/--/-- 56 - Disputes between Mormons and non-Mormon settlers leads to the Utah War.
1857/--/-- 56 - Elisha Graves Otis installs the first passenger elevator in a New York City store.
1857/--/-- 56 - English author Thomas Hughes publishes Tom Brown's Schooldays.
1857/--/-- 56 - French novelist Gustave Flaubert publishes Madame Bovary.
1857/--/-- 56 - French poet Baudelaire publishes Flowers of Evil and is arrested for immorality.
1857/--/-- 56 - James Buchanan (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1857/--/-- 56 - Kansas ratifies anti-slavery constitution
1857/--/-- 56 - Mormons and Paiute Indians kill 120 settlers in the Mountain Meadows Massacre.
1857/--/-- 56 - The Indian Mutiny begins when Indian troops rebel against the British in Meerut.
1857/--/-- 56 - The Oxford English Dictionary is begun in England.
1858/--/-- 57 - Benito Juarez becomes the first Mexican president of Indian descent.
1858/--/-- 57 - Bernadette Soubirous sees visions of the Vigin Mary in a grotto near Lourdes, France.
1858/--/-- 57 - Britain and France impose the Tientsin Treaty on China.
1858/--/-- 57 - British explorer John Hanning Speke discovers Lake Victoria in Africa.
1858/--/-- 57 - British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace outlines his theories of evolution.
1858/--/-- 57 - Charles Frederick Worth establishes his Paris fashion house.
1858/--/-- 57 - Cyrus W. Field lays the first transatlantic telegraph cable.
1858/--/-- 57 - Federal forces end the Utah War; Brigham Young is replaced as governor of Utah Territory.
1858/--/-- 57 - French photographer Nadar takes the first aerial photograph from a balloon.
1858/--/-- 57 - German-American artist Albert Bierstadt begins his landscapes of the American west.
1858/--/-- 57 - Jacques Offenbach's operetta Orpheus in the Underworld premiers in Paris.
1858/--/-- 57 - James Renwick begins the design of Saint Patrick's Cathedral in New York City.
1858/--/-- 57 - Minnesota is inaugurated as the 32nd state of the Union.
1858/--/-- 57 - The Fenians (Irish Republican Brotherhood) are founded to overthrow British rule.
1858/--/-- 57 - The Indian Mutiny is suppressed by the British Army and loyal Indian troops.
1858/--/-- 57 - The government of India is transferred from the East India Company to the British crown.
1859/--/-- 58 - Abolitionist John Brown leads an attack on Harpers Ferry; he is captured and executed.
1859/--/-- 58 - Charles Darwin "Origin of Species"
1859/--/-- 58 - Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.
1859/--/-- 58 - Ferdinand de Lesseps begins building the Suez Canal in Egypt.
1859/--/-- 58 - French inventor Ferdinand Carre develops a refrigeration system.
1859/--/-- 58 - Napoleon III assists the Italian statesman Cavour in a war against Austria.
1859/--/-- 58 - Oregon is inaugurated as the 33rd state of the Union.
1859/--/-- 58 - Queensland becomes a separate colony of Australia.
1860/--/-- 59 - Abraham Lincoln is elected as the first Republican president of the United States.
1860/--/-- 59 - China resists the Tientsin Treaty; Anglo-French forces occupy Peking.
1860/--/-- 59 - English novelist Wilkie Collins writes The Woman in White.
1860/--/-- 59 - Florence Nightingale establishes a school for training nurses.
1860/--/-- 59 - George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans) publishes The Mill on the Floss.
1860/--/-- 59 - Italian patriot Garibaldi invades Sicily and Naples with his 1,000 Redshirts.
1860/--/-- 59 - Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir patents the first internal-combustion engine.
1860/--/-- 59 - Sardinia-Piedmont seizes the Papal States in Italy.
1860/--/-- 59 - South Carolina becomes the first Southern state to secede from the Union.
1860/--/-- 59 - The Crittenden Compromise tries to prevent a split between slave and free states.
1860/--/-- 59 - The Maori Wars begin against the British in New Zealand.
1860/--/-- 59 - The pony express is inaugurated to deliver mail from Missouri to California.
1860/02/20 59 *** Cowan, William Campbell [Grandson] - Born to Cowan, James C. and Ferguson, Jemima Amanda (Cowan)
1861/--/-- 60 - Abraham Lincoln (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1861/--/-- 60 - American locksmith Linus Yale Jr. patents the cylinder lock.
1861/--/-- 60 - CONFEDERACY
1861/--/-- 60 - Civil War Begins
1861/--/-- 60 - English designer William Morris starts the Arts and Crafts Movement.
1861/--/-- 60 - Explorers Burke and Wills die during their north-south crossing of Australia.
1861/--/-- 60 - French artist Eugene Delacroix paints the Lion Hunt.
1861/--/-- 60 - General George B. McClellan is made commander of the Union forces.
1861/--/-- 60 - Italy is unified under Victor Emmanuel II.
1861/--/-- 60 - John Ericsson designs the Monitor, the first ship with a revolving gun-turret.
1861/--/-- 60 - Kansas is inaugurated as the 34th state of the Union.
1861/--/-- 60 - Lincoln is inaugurated as the 16th U.S. president; Hamlin becomes vice-president.
1861/--/-- 60 - Nicholas II abolishes serfdom in Russia.
1861/--/-- 60 - The Confederate States of America declare their independence from the U.S.
1861/--/-- 60 - The Confederates defeat the Union army in the First Battle of Bull Run.
1861/--/-- 60 - The Southern states meet to draft a constitution; Davis is selected as president.
1861/--/-- 60 - The Trent Affair begins when a Union ship intercepts a British steamer.
1861/--/-- 60 - The United States introduce the first national income tax.
1861/--/-- 60 - The bombardment of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor begins the U.S. Civil War.
1861/--/-- 60 - Unification of Italy
1861/--/-- 60 - Western territories reorganized by Republican Congresses
1861/12/22 61 *** Cowan, Champ Thomas [Grandson] - Born to Cowan, James C. and Ferguson, Jemima Amanda (Cowan)
1862/--/-- 61 - A Union fleet under David G. Farragut captures New Orleans.
1862/--/-- 61 - Bartolome Mitre unites Argentina and is elected president.
1862/--/-- 61 - Brady, O'Sullivan and Gardner document the Civil War in photographs.
1862/--/-- 61 - Explorer John McDouall Stuart makes the first south to north crossing of Australia.
1862/--/-- 61 - Foucault measures speed of light
1862/--/-- 61 - French actress Sarah Bernhardt makes her debut at the Comedie Francaise.
1862/--/-- 61 - French impressionist artist Edouard Manet paints Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe.
1862/--/-- 61 - French physicist Jean Foucault successfully measures the speed of light.
1862/--/-- 61 - French writer Victor Hugo completes his social novel Les Miserables.
1862/--/-- 61 - Lee defeats the Union army in the Second Battle of Bull Run.
1862/--/-- 61 - Lee's Confederate invasion of Maryland is halted at the Battle of Antietam.
1862/--/-- 61 - McClellan is defeated in the Seven Days Battle and retreats from the peninsular.
1862/--/-- 61 - Napoleon III imposes the Austrian prince Maximilian as emperor of Mexico.
1862/--/-- 61 - Richard J. Gatling invents the first practical machine gun.
1862/--/-- 61 - Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev publishes Fathers and Sons.
1862/--/-- 61 - The first recorded ski competition is held near Oslo in Norway.
1862/--/-- 61 - The ironclad warships Monitor and Merrimack clash at Hampton Roads, Va.
1862/--/-- 61 - Union forces under Burnside are defeated at the Battle of Fredricksburg.
1862/--/-- 61 - Union forces under Grant defeat the Confederates at the Battle of Shiloh.
1862/--/-- 61 - Union forces under McClellan begin the Peninsular Campaign to capture Richmond.
1862/--/-- 61 - William I appoints Otto von Bismarck as minister president of Prussia.
1863/--/-- 62 - Cambodia (Kampuchea) becomes a French protectorate.
1863/--/-- 62 - English philosopher John Stuart Mill publishes Utilitarianism.
1863/--/-- 62 - French impressionist artist Camille Pissarro exhibits at the Salon des Refuses.
1863/--/-- 62 - George I succeeds Otto as king of Greece.
1863/--/-- 62 - Grant defeats the Confederates in the Vicksburg Campaign.
1863/--/-- 62 - Ismail Pasha rules Egypt under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.
1863/--/-- 62 - Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation abolishes slavery in the Confederate states.
1863/--/-- 62 - London's Metropolitan Railway becomes the first underground subway.
1863/--/-- 62 - The Confederate guerrilla band Quantrill's Raiders pillage Lawrence, Kansas.
1863/--/-- 62 - The Confederates defeat the Union army at Chancellorsville; Jackson is killed.
1863/--/-- 62 - The Confederates under Lee are defeated at the Battle of Gettysburg.
1863/--/-- 62 - The French occupy Mexico City in support of Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico.
1863/--/-- 62 - The London Football Association issues the first soccer rules.
1863/--/-- 62 - West Virginia is inaugurated as the 35th state of the Union.
1864/--/-- 63 - A Chinese army under Gordon recaptures Nanking and ends the Taiping Rebellion.
1864/--/-- 63 - A Union army under Sherman invades Georgia, begining the Atlanta campaign.
1864/--/-- 63 - Cheyenne and Arapaho families massacred at Sand Creek, Colorado
1864/--/-- 63 - Denmark is defeated by Prussia; Schleswig-Holstein is ceded to Germany.
1864/--/-- 63 - Nevada is inaugurated as the 36th state of the Union.
1864/--/-- 63 - Paraguayan dictator Francisco Solano Lopez begins the War of the Triple Alliance.
1864/--/-- 63 - Sherman defeats the Confederates at Atlanta and begins his march to the sea.
1864/--/-- 63 - The Colorado militia massacre Cheyenne Indians at Sand Creek.
1864/--/-- 63 - The Confederate submarine Hunley sinks a Federal ship but is sunk in the process.
1864/--/-- 63 - The Geneva Convention sets standards of humane treatment in time of war.
1864/--/-- 63 - The Ionian Islands are ceded to Greece by Britain.
1864/--/-- 63 - The Union launches a drive on Richmond but falters in the Wilderness Campaign.
1864/--/-- 63 - Ulysses S. Grant is made general in chief of all the Union armies.
1865/--/-- 64 - Andrew Johnson (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1865/--/-- 64 - Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th President of the U.S.
1865/--/-- 64 - Civil War Ends
1865/--/-- 64 - Confederate forces under Lee surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House.
1865/--/-- 64 - Count Leo Tolstoi begins his monumental Russian novel War and Peace.
1865/--/-- 64 - English author Lewis Carroll writes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
1865/--/-- 64 - Johnston surrenders the last Confederate army to Sherman, ending the U.S. Civil War.
1865/--/-- 64 - Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace"
1865/--/-- 64 - Lincoln assassinated
1865/--/-- 64 - Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre in Washington D.C.
1865/--/-- 64 - Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky publishes Crime and Punishment.
1865/--/-- 64 - The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolishes slavery.
1865/--/-- 64 - The Petersburg Campaign is won by Union forces; Lee evacuates Richmond.
1865/10/20 65 *** Ferguson, Champion [Son] - Died
1866/--/-- 65 - British engineer Robert Whitehead invents the first self-propelled torpedo.
1866/--/-- 65 - Congress authorize (but do not mandate) the use of the metric system in the U.S.
1866/--/-- 65 - Mendel publishes his genetic research in Experiments With Plant Hybrids.
1866/--/-- 65 - Prussia and Italy defeat Austria in the Seven Weeks' War.
1866/--/-- 65 - The Ku Klux Klan is founded in the southern United States.
1867/--/-- 66 - Alfred Nobel patents dynamite
1867/--/-- 66 - Bismark forms the North German Confederation under Prussian leadership.
1867/--/-- 66 - Diamond fields are discovered in South Africa.
1867/--/-- 66 - English photographer Julia Margaret Cameron takes Sir John Herschel's portrait.
1867/--/-- 66 - French troops withdraw from Mexico; Emperor Maximilian is executed by Juarez.
1867/--/-- 66 - Karl Marx publishes the first volume of Das Kapital.
1867/--/-- 66 - Nebraska is inaugurated as the 37th state of the Union.
1867/--/-- 66 - Sir John A. Macdonald becomes Canada's first prime minister.
1867/--/-- 66 - The Compromise (Ausgleich) of 1867 creates the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
1867/--/-- 66 - The Dominion of Canada is established by the British North America Act.
1868/--/-- 67 *** Cowan, Samuel [Grandson] - Born to Cowan, James C. and Ferguson, Jemima Amanda (Cowan)
1868/--/-- 67 - A military coup led by General Juan Prim deposes Queen Isabella II of Spain.
1868/--/-- 67 - A skeleton of Cro-Magnon man is discovered in southern France.
1868/--/-- 67 - British labor unions form the Trades Union Congress.
1868/--/-- 67 - Christopher Sholes patents the first practical typewriter.
1868/--/-- 67 - Chulalongkorn succeeds his father Mongkut as the king of Siam (Thailand).
1868/--/-- 67 - Feminists Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton publish Revolution.
1868/--/-- 67 - Johannes Brahms' A German Requiem is performed for the first time.
1868/--/-- 67 - Ndebele king Mzilikazi dies in Africa; he is succeeded (1870) by his son Lobengula.
1868/--/-- 67 - The Meiji dynasty is restored in Japan; the Tokugawa shogunate is abolished.
1868/--/-- 67 - The Ten Years' War begins in Cuba against Spanish rule.
1868/--/-- 67 - U.S. President Andrew Johnson is impeached by Congress but acquitted by the Senate.
1868/--/-- 67 - William Gladstone becomes Liberal prime minister of Britain for the first time.
1869/--/-- 68 - 200 pitched battles between Indians and U.S. Calvary
1869/--/-- 68 - English author Matthew Arnold publishes Culture and Anarchy.
1869/--/-- 68 - French artist Eugene Louis Boudin paints On the Beach at Deauville.
1869/--/-- 68 - Grant is inaugurated as the 18th U.S. president; Colfax becomes vice-president.
1869/--/-- 68 - James Gordon Bennett Jr. commissions Stanley to search for Livingston in Africa.
1869/--/-- 68 - John Roebling designs the Brooklyn Bridge but dies after a construction accident.
1869/--/-- 68 - Louis Riel leads the Red River Rebellion in Canada.
1869/--/-- 68 - Ludwig II (Mad Ludwig) begins building his fantasy castles in Bavaria.
1869/--/-- 68 - Philadelphia garment workers organize the Knights of Labor, an early labor union.
1869/--/-- 68 - Pope Pius IX calls the First Vatican Council to discuss the dogma of papal infallibility.
1869/--/-- 68 - Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky begins work on his opera Boris Gudunov.
1869/--/-- 68 - Suez Canal opens
1869/--/-- 68 - The Cincinnati Red Stockings become the first professional baseball team.
1869/--/-- 68 - The Suez Canal is opened in Egypt.
1869/--/-- 68 - The first manufacturing patent is issued for chewing gum.
1869/--/-- 68 - The transcontinental railroad is completed at Promontory Point, Utah.
1869/--/-- 68 - Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1869/--/-- 68 - Union Pacific meets Central Pacific
1870/--/-- 69 - American industrialist John D. Rockefeller founds the Standard Oil Company.
1870/--/-- 69 - French war minister Leon Gambetta escapes from besieged Paris in a balloon.
1870/--/-- 69 - German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavates the ancient city of Troy.
1870/--/-- 69 - Paraguayan dictator Solano Lopez dies, ending the War of the Triple Alliance.
1870/--/-- 69 - Rome becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Italy.
1870/--/-- 69 - The Franco-Prussian War begins over a diplomatic incident engineered by Bismark.
1870/--/-- 69 - The Prussians defeat the French at Sedan; Napoleon III is taken prisoner.
1870/--/-- 69 - The Third Republic is formed in France; a Government of National Defense is established.
1870/--/-- 69 - The city of Miami is founded in Florida.
1871/--/-- 70 *** Cowan, Allen [Grandson] - Born to Cowan, James C. and Ferguson, Jemima Amanda (Cowan)
1871/--/-- 70 - American explorer Henry Morton Stanley finds Dr. Livingston in central Africa.
1871/--/-- 70 - Charles Taze Russell founds the Jehovah's Witnesses about this time.
1871/--/-- 70 - Fire destroys one-third of the city of Chicago.
1871/--/-- 70 - P.T Barnum launches a traveling circus, museum and menagerie.
1871/--/-- 70 - The Franco-Prussian War ends; Alsace and Lorraine are ceded to Germany.
1871/--/-- 70 - The French surrender to Prussia incites the Commune of Paris uprising.
1871/--/-- 70 - The German Empire is formally proclaimed at the Palace of Versailles.
1871/--/-- 70 - The Paris Commune is suppressed by government troops after a 2-month siege.
1871/--/-- 70 - Trade Unions legalized in Britain
1872/--/-- 71 - American artist James McNeill Whistler paints the Portrait of the Artist's Mother.
1872/--/-- 71 - English author George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans) publishes Middlemarch.
1872/--/-- 71 - Indian leader Kintpuash leaves the Modoc reservation; the Modoc Wars begin.
1872/--/-- 71 - Monet paints Impression: Sunrise; the term impressionism is derived from the title.
1872/--/-- 71 - Photographer Eadweard Muybridge begins his series of motion studies.
1872/--/-- 71 - The Challenger Expedition begins the first systematic oceanographic survey.
1872/--/-- 71 - The cities of Buda and Pest unite to form Budapest (the capital of Hungary from 1918).
1872/--/-- 71 - The death of Kamehameha V ends the Kamehameha dynasty of Hawaiian kings.
1872/--/-- 71 - The first woman impressionist artist Berthe Morisot paints The Cradle.
1873/--/-- 72 - Englishman Maj. Walter Clopton Wingfield invents lawn tennis.
1873/--/-- 72 - French novelist Jules Verne publishes Around the World in Eighty Days.
1873/--/-- 72 - The Pacific Scandal in Canada causes the collapse of the Conservative government.
1873/--/-- 72 - The Panic of 1873 leads to 5 years of economic depression in the U.S.
1874/--/-- 73 - Benjamin Disraeli becomes the Conservative prime minister of Britain.
1874/--/-- 73 - English author Thomas Hardy publishes Far from the Madding Crowd.
1874/--/-- 73 - First impressionist exhibit in Paris
1874/--/-- 73 - French impressionist artist Pierre Auguste Renoir paints La Loge (The Box).
1874/--/-- 73 - The Comanche, Kiowa and other Indian tribes attack Adobe Walls in Texas.
1874/--/-- 73 - The Greenback party advocates currency reform in the U.S.
1874/--/-- 73 - The first exhibition of impressionist paintings is held in Paris.
1875/--/-- 74 - American author Mark Twain publishes Tom Sawyer.
1875/--/-- 74 - Britain buys Suez Canal shares from the bankrupt Egyptian leader Ismail Pasha.
1875/--/-- 74 - Charles Stewart Parnell begins movement for Irish independence
1875/--/-- 74 - Georges Bizet's opera Carmen is performed in Paris.
1875/--/-- 74 - Mary Baker Eddy, founder of Christian Science, publishes Science and Health.
1875/--/-- 74 - The Bourbon monarchy is restored in Spain under Alfonso XII.
1876/--/-- 75 - Abd al-Hamid II assumes his rule as the last Ottoman sultan.
1876/--/-- 75 - Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone.
1876/--/-- 75 - Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone
1876/--/-- 75 - British philosopher Herbert Spencer begins publishing the Principles of Sociology.
1876/--/-- 75 - Colorado is inaugurated as the 38th state of the Union.
1876/--/-- 75 - General Porfirio Diaz seizes power as the dictator of Mexico.
1876/--/-- 75 - German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavates the ancient city of Mycenae.
1876/--/-- 75 - Impressionist artist Alfred Sisley paints Flood at the Port of Marly.
1876/--/-- 75 - Japan forces Korea to open up to foreign trade, countering the influence of China.
1876/--/-- 75 - Johann Strauss Jr. composes his waltz The Beautiful Blue Danube.
1876/--/-- 75 - National League founded (baseball)
1876/--/-- 75 - Queen Victoria assumes the title of Empress of India.
1876/--/-- 75 - Sioux Indians defeat General Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn.
1876/--/-- 75 - Sioux and Cheyenne defeat Custer at Little Big Horn, Montanna
1876/--/-- 75 - The Bayreuth musical festival opens with a performance of Wagner's Ring cycle.
1876/--/-- 75 - The U.S. Centennial Exposition of 1876 is held in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia.
1877/--/-- 76 - Britain annexes Transvaal in South Africa.
1877/--/-- 76 - Chief Joseph leads the Nez Perce tribe against the U.S. Army.
1877/--/-- 76 - Hayes is inaugurated as the 19th U.S. president; Wheeler becomes vice-president
1877/--/-- 76 - Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli observes canali (channels) on Mars.
1877/--/-- 76 - Nez Perce leave Idaho for Canada
1877/--/-- 76 - Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1877/--/-- 76 - Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake is performed by the Bolshoi Ballet in Moscow.
1877/--/-- 76 - The All-England lawn tennis championship is played at Wimbledon for the first time.
1877/--/-- 76 - The Japanese army suppresses a samurai revolt led by Saigo Takamori.
1877/--/-- 76 - Thomas Edison invents the phonograph.
1877/--/-- 76 - Turkish suppression of Balkan nationalists leads to a new Russo-Turkish War.
1878/--/-- 77 - Ismail Pasha presents Cleopatra's Needles to Britain (1878) and the U.S. (1880).
1878/--/-- 77 - Northern Cheyenne escape Indian Territory
1878/--/-- 77 - Serbia, Montenegro and Romania are granted independence from Turkey.
1878/--/-- 77 - The Congress of Berlin reverses Russian gains from the San Stefano Treaty.
1878/--/-- 77 - The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company performs Gilbert and Sullivan's H.M.S. Pinafore.
1878/--/-- 77 - The Russo-Turkish War ends; The Treaty of San Stefano is imposed on Turkey.
1878/--/-- 77 - The second Anglo-Afghan War begins.
1878/--/-- 77 - Turkey's provinces of Bosnia and Hercegovina are placed under Austrian administration.
1879/--/-- 78 - Belgian king Leopold II sponsors Henry Morton Stanley's expedition to the Congo.
1879/--/-- 78 - Cetewayo's Zulus defeat the British at Isandhlwana, but are beaten at Ulundi.
1879/--/-- 78 - Charles Stewart Parnell leads the Home Rule for Ireland party.
1879/--/-- 78 - General Roca defeats the Patagonian Indians, opening the Pampas for settlement.
1879/--/-- 78 - Impressionist artist Edgar Degas paints Ballerina Posing for a Photograph.
1879/--/-- 78 - Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen writes A Doll's House.
1879/--/-- 78 - Tawfiq Pasha succeeds his father Ismail Pasha as khedive (viceroy) of Egypt.
1879/--/-- 78 - Territorial disputes lead to the War of the Pacific between Chile and Peru.
1879/--/-- 78 - Thomas Edison develops the first workable incandescent lamp (light bulb).
1879/--/-- 78 - Thomas Edison invents incandescent light
1880/--/-- 79 - American impressionist artist Mary Cassatt exhibits A Woman in Black at the Opera.
1880/--/-- 79 - Australian bushranger Ned Kelly is hanged for murder.
1880/--/-- 79 - Boer (Afrikaner) uprisings begin against the British in Transvaal, South Africa.
1880/--/-- 79 - France annexes the Pacific island of Tahiti.
1880/--/-- 79 - French novelist Emile Zola writes Nana, a portrait of a prostitute.
1880/--/-- 79 - German composer Jacques Offenbach writes the opera Tales of Hoffmann.
1880/--/-- 79 - Gladstone succeeds Disraeli as British prime minister.
1880/--/-- 79 - Russian composer Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky writes the 1812 Overture.
1881/--/-- 80 - Alexander II is assassinated by narodniki revolutionaries in Russia.
1881/--/-- 80 - Chester A. Arthur (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1881/--/-- 80 - Chester A. Arthur is inaugurated as the 21st U.S. president.
1881/--/-- 80 - Ferdinand de Lesseps begins an abortive attempt to build the Panama Canal.
1881/--/-- 80 - Garfield is inaugurated as the 20th U.S. president; Arthur becomes vice-president.
1881/--/-- 80 - James A. Garfield (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1881/--/-- 80 - Japanese statesman Itagaki Taisuke founds the Jiyuto (Liberal party).
1881/--/-- 80 - Lillie Langtry, mistress of the Prince of Wales, makes her acting debut.
1881/--/-- 80 - President Garfield is assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau.
1881/--/-- 80 - The Sudanese under Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad overthrow Egyptian rule.
1881/--/-- 80 - The first U.S. tennis championship is held in Newport, R.I.
1882/--/-- 81 - A Triple Alliance is established between Austria, Italy and Germany.
1882/--/-- 81 - Edison's New York plant begins supplying 59 customers with electricity.
1882/--/-- 81 - Impressionist artist Edouard Manet completes the Bar at the Folies-Bergere.
1882/--/-- 81 - Japanese statesman Okuma Shigenobu founds the Kaishinto, or Progressive, party.
1882/--/-- 81 - The British take control of Egypt, suppressing uprisings against Tawfiq Pasha.
1882/--/-- 81 - The U.S. begins to restrict immigration with the Chinese Exclusion Acts.
1883/--/-- 82 - Buffalo Bill Cody organizes his Wild West show.
1883/--/-- 82 - Civil Service established
1883/--/-- 82 - Cyrus H. K. Curtis publishes the Lady's Home Journal magazine.
1883/--/-- 82 - German philosopher Frederich Wilhelm Nietzsche begins Thus Spake Zarathustra.
1883/--/-- 82 - Maxim invents machine gun
1883/--/-- 82 - Paul Kruger becomes president of the Boer republic of the Transvaal in South Africa.
1883/--/-- 82 - Russian scientist Tsiolkovsky proves that a rocket could work in the vacuum of space.
1883/--/-- 82 - The Brooklyn Bridge is completed in New York.
1883/--/-- 82 - The Fabian Society is founded in London to spread socialist ideas.
1883/--/-- 82 - The Island volcano of Krakatoa explodes in Indonesia, causing 36,000 deaths.
1883/--/-- 82 - The first skyscraper (10 stories) is built in Chicago by William LeBaron Jenney.
1883/03/21 83 *** Huff, Zilpha (Ferguson) [Wife] - Died Irwin cem. Clinton County KY
1884/--/-- 83 - 15 European nations partition Africa for "spheres of influence"
1884/--/-- 83 - American author Mark Twain publishes the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
1884/--/-- 83 - Belva Lockwood becomes the first woman nominated as a U.S. presidential candidate.
1884/--/-- 83 - German East Africa is formed from Rwanda, Mozambique,Tanzania and Burundi.
1884/--/-- 83 - Germany occupies South West Africa (Namibia).
1884/--/-- 83 - Lewis E. Waterman invents the first fountain pen with an ink reservoir.
1885/--/-- 84 - Boston Symphony Orchestra organizes its Promenade Concerts (the Boston Pops).
1885/--/-- 84 - Cleveland is inaugurated as the 22nd U.S. president; Hendricks becomes vice-president.
1885/--/-- 84 - French chemist Louis Pasteur develops a vaccine for rabies.
1885/--/-- 84 - General Gordon is killed by Mahdist forces at the siege of Khartoum in Sudan.
1885/--/-- 84 - Gottlieb Daimler develops the first motorcycle.
1885/--/-- 84 - Grover Cleveland (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1885/--/-- 84 - J. K. Stanley introduces his safety cycle, the basic model for the modern bicycle.
1885/--/-- 84 - Louis Pasteur administers successful rabies vaccination
1885/--/-- 84 - The Congo Free State (Zaire) becomes the possession of King Leopold II of Belgium.
1885/--/-- 84 - The Indian National Congress movement is founded in Bombay.
1886/--/-- 85 - Apache Indian chief Geronimo surrenders to General Nelson Miles.
1886/--/-- 85 - Britain makes Burma a province of India after winning the Anglo-Burma War.
1886/--/-- 85 - British prime minister Gladstone introduces an unsuccessful Home Rule bill for Ireland.
1886/--/-- 85 - French sculptor Auguste Rodin completes The Kiss.
1886/--/-- 85 - Gold is discovered in Transvaal, South Africa.
1886/--/-- 85 - Haymarket Square labor riot in Chicago kills eleven people
1886/--/-- 85 - Jose Balmaceda becomes president of Chile.
1886/--/-- 85 - Samuel Gompers organizes the American Federation of Labor.
1886/--/-- 85 - The Anglo-German Agreement recognizes German control over Tanganyika (Tanzania).
1886/--/-- 85 - The Statue of Liberty is unveiled in New York Harbor.
1887/--/-- 86 - Arthur Conan Doyle publishes the first Sherlock Holmes story.
1887/--/-- 86 - France creates the Union of Indochina (most of modern day Vietnam and Kampuchea).
1887/--/-- 86 - The Michelson-Morley experiment confirms the absence of ether.
1888/--/-- 87 - A patent is issued to American inventor John H. Loud for the first ball-point pen.
1888/--/-- 87 - American inventor George Eastman introduces the Kodak box camera.
1888/--/-- 87 - Britain unites its Caribbean colonies of Trinidad and Tobago.
1888/--/-- 87 - Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh paints Still Life With Sunflowers.
1888/--/-- 87 - Eastman's Kodak camera begins amateur photography
1888/--/-- 87 - Jack the Ripper murders seven women in London.
1888/--/-- 87 - Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov writes Scheherazade.
1888/--/-- 87 - The National Geographic Magazine is published for the first time.
1888/--/-- 87 - William II succeeds Frederick III as emperor of Germany.
1889/--/-- 88 - Benjamin Harrison (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1889/--/-- 88 - Benjamin Harrison is inaugurated as the 23rd U.S. president.
1889/--/-- 88 - Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria commits suicide at Mayerling.
1889/--/-- 88 - German revolutionary Rosa Luxemburg is exiled in Switzerland.
1889/--/-- 88 - Gustave Eiffel designs the Eiffel Tower for the Paris Exposition.
1889/--/-- 88 - Japan's first prime minister Ito Hirobumi introduces the Meiji Constitution.
1889/--/-- 88 - Montana is inaugurated as the 41st state.
1889/--/-- 88 - Montana is inaugurated as the 41st state; Washington is inaugurated as the 42nd state.
1889/--/-- 88 - North Dakota and South Dakota are inaugurated as the 39th and 40th states.
1889/--/-- 88 - North Dakota is inaugurated as the 39th state of the Union.
1889/--/-- 88 - Pedro II emperor of Brazil is overthrown in a coup; Brazil is declared a republic.
1889/--/-- 88 - South Dakota is inaugurated as the 40th state of the Union.
1889/--/-- 88 - Washington is inaugurated as the 42nd state.
1890/--/-- 89 - AFL founded by S Gompers
1890/--/-- 89 - American naval officer Alfred Mahan publishes The Influence of Sea Power upon History.
1890/--/-- 89 - American psychologist William James publishes The Principles of Psychology.
1890/--/-- 89 - Cecil Rhodes becomes prime minister of the Cape Colony in South Africa.
1890/--/-- 89 - Claude Debussy begins composing Suite Bergamasque, including Clair de lune.
1890/--/-- 89 - Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh commits suicide.
1890/--/-- 89 - German chancellor Otto von Bismarck is dismissed by Emperor William II.
1890/--/-- 89 - Idaho is inaugurated as the 43rd state.
1890/--/-- 89 - Idaho is inaugurated as the 43rd state; Wyoming is inaugurated as the 44th state.
1890/--/-- 89 - Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore publishes Manasi (The Mind's Embodiment).
1890/--/-- 89 - Photographer Jacob Riis documents New York's poor in How the Other Half Lives.
1890/--/-- 89 - Sherman Antitrust Act
1890/--/-- 89 - Sioux Indians are massacred at the Battle of Wounded Knee.
1890/--/-- 89 - The British South Africa Company occupies Zimbabwe; conflicts begin with the Ndebele.
1890/--/-- 89 - The Forth Railway Bridge is opened, replacing the Brooklyn Bridge as the longest span.
1890/--/-- 89 - Wyoming is inaugurated as the 44th state.
1890/--/-- 89 - Zanzibar becomes a British protectorate.
1891/--/-- 90 - Anglo-Irish author Oscar Wilde publishes his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.
1891/--/-- 90 - English novelist Thomas Hardy writes Tess of the D'Urbervilles.
1891/--/-- 90 - Eugene Dubois discovers the first Homo erectus remains on Java in Indonesia.
1891/--/-- 90 - French postimpressionist artist Paul Gauguin travels to Tahiti.
1891/--/-- 90 - James Naismith devises the game of basketball in Springfield, Mass.
1891/--/-- 90 - The American Express Company introduces the first traveler's checks.
1892/--/-- 91 - French artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec paints At the Moulin Rouge.
1892/--/-- 91 - Impressionist artist Paul Cezanne completes the Card Players.
1892/--/-- 91 - James J. Corbett wins the heavyweight boxing championship from John L. Sullivan.
1892/--/-- 91 - Strike at Carnegie Steel results in ten deaths
1892/--/-- 91 - The San Francisco Examiner begins printing the first newspaper comic strip.
1892/--/-- 91 - Writer and political revolutionary Jose Marti founds the Cuban Revolutionary party.
1893/--/-- 92 - American artist Louis Comfort Tiffany begins producing Art Nouveau glassware.
1893/--/-- 92 - Cleveland is inaugurated as the 24th U.S. president; Hendricks becomes vice-president.
1893/--/-- 92 - France adds Laos to "protectorate" of Indochina
1893/--/-- 92 - France adds Laos to the Union of Indochina.
1893/--/-- 92 - Gladstone's second Irish Home Rule Bill is vetoed by the House of Lords in Britain.
1893/--/-- 92 - Grover Cleveland (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1893/--/-- 92 - Queen Liliuokalani is ousted in Hawaii; Sanford B. Dole, is elected president (1894).
1893/--/-- 92 - The Ivory Coast becomes a French colony.
1893/--/-- 92 - Victor Horta's Tassel House in Brussels initiates the Art Nouveau architectural style.
1894/--/-- 93 *** Cowan, Samuel [Grandson] - Died
1894/--/-- 93 - Britain establishes a protectorate over Buganda and conquers the rest of Uganda.
1894/--/-- 93 - Czech decorative artist Alfons Mucha designs a poster of Sarah Bernhardt.
1894/--/-- 93 - Dreyfus case splits France
1894/--/-- 93 - English artist Aubrey Beardsley illustrates Oscar Wilde's Salome.
1894/--/-- 93 - English author Rudyard Kipling publishes The Jungle Book.
1894/--/-- 93 - Percival Lowell builds an observatory to study the Martian canals.
1894/--/-- 93 - Rebellion in Korea begins the First Sino-Japanese War.
1894/--/-- 93 - The arrest of army captain Albert Dreyfus creates a political crisis in France.
1894/--/-- 93 - Thousands of Armenians are massacred in Turkey.
1895/--/-- 94 - Anglo-Irish playwright Oscar Wilde writes The Importance of Being Earnest.
1895/--/-- 94 - Japan defeats China; the Shimonoseki Treaty establishes Korean independence.
1895/--/-- 94 - Louis and Auguste Lumiere show the first motion pictures to a Paris cafe audience.
1895/--/-- 94 - Russian revolutionary Vladimir Ilich Lenin is exiled to Siberia.
1895/--/-- 94 - Sir Henry Irving becomes the first British actor to be knighted.
1895/--/-- 94 - The American Bowling Congress (ABC) is founded.
1895/--/-- 94 - The Cuban War of Independence begins against Spain; Jose Marti is killed in battle.
1895/--/-- 94 - The Jameson Raid on the Boer republic of Transvaal increases anti-British hostility.
1895/--/-- 94 - The first list of best-selling books is published by The Bookman magazine.
1895/--/-- 94 - Wilhelm Rontgen discovers x-rays
1895/--/-- 94 - X rays are discovered by German physicist Wilhelm C. Roentgen.
1896/--/-- 95 - A tsunami (tidal wave) kills 27,000 people in Japan.
1896/--/-- 95 - Italian composer Giacomo Puccini writes the opera La Boheme.
1896/--/-- 95 - John Philip Sousa composes The Stars and Stripes Forever.
1896/--/-- 95 - King Menelik II defeats the Italians at Adwa, maintaining Ethiopian independence.
1896/--/-- 95 - Supreme Court rules "separate but equal" legal
1896/--/-- 95 - The first modern Olympic Games are held at Athens in Greece; 13 countries compete.
1896/--/-- 95 - Utah is inaugurated as the 45th state of the Union.
1897/--/-- 96 - American comic strip The Katzenjammer Kids is begun by Rudolph Dirks.
1897/--/-- 96 - Austrian artist Gustav Klimt helps to found the Vienna Secession group.
1897/--/-- 96 - British physician Havelock Ellis begins his Studies in the Psychology of Sex.
1897/--/-- 96 - English author Rudyard Kipling publishes Captains Courageous.
1897/--/-- 96 - French dramatist Edmond Rostand writes Cyrano de Bergerac.
1897/--/-- 96 - French primitive artist Henri Rousseau paints The Sleeping Gypsy.
1897/--/-- 96 - McKinley is inaugurated as the 25th U.S. president; Hobart becomes vice-president.
1897/--/-- 96 - Russian author Anton Chekhov writes the play Uncle Vanya.
1897/--/-- 96 - Stanislavsky founds the Moscow Art Theater and begins the method acting technique.
1897/--/-- 96 - The first subway un the U.S. opens in Boston.
1897/--/-- 96 - Theodor Herzl organizes the World Zionist Congress at Basel in Switzerland.
1897/--/-- 96 - William Mckinley (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1898/--/-- 97 - Anglo-Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw publishes Arms and the Man.
1898/--/-- 97 - Britain obtains a 99-year lease for Hong Kong from the Chinese.
1898/--/-- 97 - Commodore Dewey destroys the Spanish fleet in Manila harbor.
1898/--/-- 97 - Cuba occupied by U.S. and released
1898/--/-- 97 - English author H. G. Wells publishes The War of the Worlds.
1898/--/-- 97 - Spain cedes Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines to the U.S. in the Treaty of Paris.
1898/--/-- 97 - Spanish-American War, Cuba, Phillipines, US
1898/--/-- 97 - The Boxer Uprising begins in China; Empress Tz'u-hsi imprisons the emperor.
1898/--/-- 97 - The British under Kitchener defeat the Mahdists at Omdurman in Sudan.
1898/--/-- 97 - The Fashoda Incident leads to a French withdrawal from the Sudan.
1898/--/-- 97 - The Spanish fleet is destroyed off Cuba; Spain sues for peace.
1898/--/-- 97 - The Spanish-American War begins with a declaration of war by Congress.
1898/--/-- 97 - The U.S. army uses machine guns for the first time in the battle of Santiago.
1898/--/-- 97 - The U.S. battleship Maine explodes in the Spanish port of Manila in the Philippines.
1898/--/-- 97 - U.S. troops land on Cuba; Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders are in action.
1898/--/-- 97 - William Randolph Hearst's yellow journalism inflames anti-Spanish feelings.
1899/--/-- 98 - American artist Winslow Homer paints the Gulf Stream.
1899/--/-- 98 - American composer Scott Joplin publishes his Maple Leaf Rag.
1899/--/-- 98 - Designer Charles Rennie Mackintosh completes the Glasgow School of Art.
1899/--/-- 98 - English composer Edward Elgar writes The Enigma Variations.
1899/--/-- 98 - Journalist and future statesman Winston Churchill escapes from Boer captivity.
1899/--/-- 98 - Sigmund Freud "Interpretation of Dreams"
1899/--/-- 98 - The British under Robert Baden-Powell are besieged by the Boers at Mafeking.
1899/--/-- 98 - The South African War begins between the Boers (Afrikaners) and the British.
1899/--/-- 98 - U.S. Secretary of State John M. Hay advocates an Open Door Policy for China.
1900/--/-- 99 - American novelist Theodore Dreiser publishes his first novel Sister Carrie.
1900/--/-- 99 - An international force lifts the Boxer siege of Peking.
1900/--/-- 99 - British politician Keir Hardie helps to found the Labour party.
1900/--/-- 99 - Chinese nationalists besiege foreigners in Peking during the Boxer Uprising.
1900/--/-- 99 - Dutch physiologist Willem Einthoven invents the electrocardiograph.
1900/--/-- 99 - Hawaii is made a U.S. Territory; Sanford Dole serves as the first governor.
1900/--/-- 99 - Hector Guimard uses Art Nouveau designs for the entrances to the Paris Metro.
1900/--/-- 99 - Humbert I is assassinated; he is succeeded by Victor Emanuel III as king of Italy.
1900/--/-- 99 - Italian author Gabriele D'Annunzio publishes The Flame of Life.
1900/--/-- 99 - James J. Jeffries beats Jim Corbett to retain the heavyweight boxing title.
1900/--/-- 99 - Max Planck formulates the quantum theory in physics.
1900/--/-- 99 - Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams.
1900/--/-- 99 - Sir Arthur Evans begins the excavation of the Minoan palace at Knossos, Crete.
1900/--/-- 99 - The Boers begin a guerrilla war against the British occupation forces.
1900/--/-- 99 - The British defeat the Boer (Afrikaner) armies in South Africa and occupy Pretoria.
1900/--/-- 99 - The U.S. wins the first Davis Cup tennis contest.
1901/--/-- 100 - A 39,000 year-old frozen mammoth is discovered in Russia.
1901/--/-- 100 - A stele bearing the Code of Hammurabi is discovered in Susa, Iran.
1901/--/-- 100 - American surgeon Walter Reed proves that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes.
1901/--/-- 100 - An American League of baseball is formed in competition to the National League.
1901/--/-- 100 - Andrew Carnegie sells his company and devotes himself to philanthropy.
1901/--/-- 100 - Britain incorporates Ashanti territory into the Gold Coast (Ghana).
1901/--/-- 100 - English author Beatrix Potter publishes her children's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit.
1901/--/-- 100 - Guglielmo Marconi tests radio transmissions between England and Newfoundland.
1901/--/-- 100 - King C. Gillette founds the American Safety Razor Company.
1901/--/-- 100 - Pres. McKinley shot by anarchist
1901/--/-- 100 - President McKinley is assassinated by the anarchist Leon Czolgosz.
1901/--/-- 100 - Queen Victoria dies; she is succeeded by her son Edward VII.
1901/--/-- 100 - Russia occupies Manchuria in north-east China.
1901/--/-- 100 - Sergei Rachmaninoff writes his Second Piano Concerto.
1901/--/-- 100 - Sir Edward Elgar composes the first of his five Pomp and Circumstance Marches.
1901/--/-- 100 - Spanish painter Pablo Picasso's Blue Period begins.
1901/--/-- 100 - Temperance advocate Carry Nation uses a hatchet to attack a Kansas saloon.
1901/--/-- 100 - The Commonwealth of Australia is founded.
1901/--/-- 100 - The first U.S. national bowling tournament is held.
1901/--/-- 100 - Theodore Roosevelt (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1901/--/-- 100 - Theodore Roosevelt is inaugurated as the 26th U.S. president.
1901/--/-- 100 - Victor L. Berger and Eugene V. Debs help found the American Socialist party.
1901/01/02 100 - Edward VII succeeds as King of Great Britain and Ireland.
1902/--/-- 101 - American artist Robert Henri paints the New York street scene West 57th Street.
1902/--/-- 101 - Conan Doyle writes the Sherlock Holmes adventure The Hound of the Baskervilles.
1902/--/-- 101 - English author Joseph Conrad publishes Heart of Darkness.
1902/--/-- 101 - French filmmaker Georges Melies produces A Trip to the Moon.
1902/--/-- 101 - Italian opera singer Enrico Caruso makes his first phonographic recording.
1902/--/-- 101 - Maksim Gorky's The Lower Depths is produced at the Moscow Art Theater.
1902/--/-- 101 - Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. is appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court.
1902/--/-- 101 - Roosevelt begins conservation of forests
1902/--/-- 101 - The Photo-Secession group is founded in New York by photographer Alfred Stieglitz.
1902/--/-- 101 - The Treaty of Vereeniging ends the South African War.
1902/08/-- 102 - Edward VII crowned King of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India at Wes
1903/--/-- 102 - Alexander, King of Serbia, is assassinated; he is succeeded by Peter I.
1903/--/-- 102 - American author Jack London publishes The Call of the Wild.
1903/--/-- 102 - American novelist Henry James publishes The Ambassadors.
1903/--/-- 102 - Bernard Shaw's play Man and Superman is produced in London.
1903/--/-- 102 - Colonel Francis Younghusband leads a British military expedition into Tibet.
1903/--/-- 102 - Edwin S. Porter directs the pioneering Western film The Great Train Robbery.
1903/--/-- 102 - Emmeline Pankhurst founds the Women's Social and Political Union in Britain.
1903/--/-- 102 - Marie and Pierre Curie win the Nobel Prize for Physics for their work on radioactivity.
1903/--/-- 102 - Orville Wright makes the first successful flight in a self-propelled airplane.
1903/--/-- 102 - Panama declares its independence from Columbia; the U.S. recognizes the new republic.
1903/--/-- 102 - The Rolls-Royce automobile company is founded in Britain.
1903/--/-- 102 - The U.S. acquires perpetual control over the Panama Canal Zone.
1903/--/-- 102 - The first World Series baseball game is played.
1903/--/-- 102 - Vladimir Ilich Lenin organizes the Bolshevik revolutionary group.
1903/--/-- 102 - Wright Bros. first airplane
1903/10/-- 103 - World Series NL PITTSBURGH (3) AL BOSTON (5)
1904/--/-- 103 - Italian composer Giacomo Puccini's opera Madame Butterfly is produced.
1904/--/-- 103 - Ivan Pavlov, discoverer of the conditioned reflex, is awarded the Nobel Prize.
1904/--/-- 103 - James Barrie's play Peter Pan is produced in London.
1904/--/-- 103 - Max Weber publishes The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
1904/--/-- 103 - Roosevelt asserts U.S. right to intervene in Latin America
1904/--/-- 103 - Russia and Japan at war
1904/--/-- 103 - Russian author Anton Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard is produced.
1904/--/-- 103 - Territorial disputes in Manchuria begin the Russo-Japanese War.
1904/--/-- 103 - The Abbey Theatre is founded in Dublin.
1904/--/-- 103 - The New York City subway is opened.
1905/--/-- 104 - A general strike and revolution begin in Russia; Nicholas II grants a constitution.
1905/--/-- 104 - Albert Einstein proposes Special Theory of Relativity
1905/--/-- 104 - Ambrose Fleming invents the thermionic valve, used to improve radio reception.
1905/--/-- 104 - American humorist and actor Will Rogers makes his New York City debut.
1905/--/-- 104 - American labor leader Eugene V. Debs founds the Industrial Workers of the World.
1905/--/-- 104 - Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat-sen founds the T'ung-meng hui (Alliance Society).
1905/--/-- 104 - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner organizes the expressionist painters group Die Brucke.
1905/--/-- 104 - French territorial ambitions spark the first Moroccan crisis.
1905/--/-- 104 - German physicist Albert Einstein proposes his Special Theory of Relativity.
1905/--/-- 104 - German poet Rainer Maria Rilke publishes The Book of Hours.
1905/--/-- 104 - Henri Matisse and Andre Derain form the Fauves (Wild Beasts) art movement.
1905/--/-- 104 - Psychologist Alfred Binet develops intelligence tests for school children.
1905/--/-- 104 - Roosevelt begins his second term as U.S. president; Fairbanks becomes vice-president.
1905/--/-- 104 - The Cullinan diamond is found in South Africa; it weighs 3,106 carats.
1905/--/-- 104 - The Russian fleet is destroyed by the Japanese at the Battle of Tsushima.
1905/--/-- 104 - The Sinn Fein Irish nationalist movement is founded by Arthur Griffith.
1905/--/-- 104 - The union of Norway and Sweden is dissolved; Haakon VII is elected king of Norway.
1905/--/-- 104 - W.E.B. Du Bois forms the Niagara Movement to demand full civil rights for black Americans.
1905/--/-- 104 - mini-revolution in Russia
1905/10/-- 105 - World Series NL NEW YORK (4) AL PHILADELPHIA (1)
1906/--/-- 105 - British author John Galsworthy publishes the first novel of The Forsythe Saga.
1906/--/-- 105 - H.M.S. Dreadnought, the first modern battleship, is launched.
1906/--/-- 105 - Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen traverses the Northwest Passage.
1906/--/-- 105 - The Aga Khan III forms the All-India Moslim League.
1906/--/-- 105 - The Dreyfus affair ends with the pardoning of French army officer Alfred Dreyfus.
1906/--/-- 105 - The San Francisco earthquake kills 700.
1906/--/-- 105 - Under the Platt Amendment U.S. troops return to Cuba to quell rebellion and restore order.
1906/--/-- 105 - Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle leads to the U.S. Pure Foods and Drugs Act.
1906/10/-- 106 - World Series NL CHICAGO (2) AL CHICAGO (4)
1907/--/-- 106 - A Triple Entente is formed between Britain, France and Russia.
1907/--/-- 106 - Anna Pavlova dances The Dying Swan, choreographed by Mikhail Fokine.
1907/--/-- 106 - Irish playwright J.M. Synge writes The Playboy of the Western World.
1907/--/-- 106 - Lee De Forest invents the triode, a key component for amplifying radio signals.
1907/--/-- 106 - Oklahoma is inaugurated as the 46th state of the Union.
1907/--/-- 106 - Rasputin gains influence at the court of Russian emperor Nicholas II.
1907/--/-- 106 - The Panic of 1907 begins with the collapse of the U.S. stock market.
1907/--/-- 106 - The first Ziegfeld Follies are staged in New York City.
1907/10/-- 107 - World Series NL CHICAGO (4) AL DETROIT (0)
1908/--/-- 107 - An earthquake at Messina in Italy kills 80,000.
1908/--/-- 107 - Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia and Hercegovina.
1908/--/-- 107 - Austrian artist Gustav Klimt paints The Kiss.
1908/--/-- 107 - Automaker William Durant founds the General Motors Company.
1908/--/-- 107 - British soldier Robert Baden-Powell founds the Boy Scout movement.
1908/--/-- 107 - Filmmakers Charles Pathe and Leon Gaumont produce the first newsreel.
1908/--/-- 107 - GE patents electric toaster
1908/--/-- 107 - Jack Johnson becomes the first black heavyweight boxing champion.
1908/--/-- 107 - Kenneth Grahame publishes his children's story The Wind in the Willows.
1908/--/-- 107 - King Leopold II of the Belgians establishes the Independent State of Congo in Africa.
1908/--/-- 107 - Liberal leader Herbert Asquith becomes prime minister of Britain.
1908/--/-- 107 - Mary Baker Eddy establishes the Christian Science Monitor.
1908/--/-- 107 - Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque cofound the cubism art movement.
1908/--/-- 107 - The Ashcan school of painters exhibit in New York City.
1908/--/-- 107 - The Ford Motor Company produces the first Model T automobile.
1908/--/-- 107 - The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is founded.
1908/--/-- 107 - The Tunguska fireball explodes in Siberia with the force of a modern H-bomb.
1908/--/-- 107 - The Young Turk Revolution in Turkey leads to political reform.
1908/10/-- 108 - World Series NL CHICAGO (4) AL DETROIT (1)
1909/--/-- 108 - American architect Frank Lloyd Wright builds the Robie House in Chicago.
1909/--/-- 108 - American artist George Bellows paints the prize fight scene Stag at Sharkey's.
1909/--/-- 108 - American explorer Robert E. Peary reaches the North Pole.
1909/--/-- 108 - American poet William Carlos Williams publishes Poems, his first book.
1909/--/-- 108 - American writer Gertrude Stein publishes Three Lives.
1909/--/-- 108 - French aviator Louis Bleriot makes the first flight across the English Channel.
1909/--/-- 108 - NAACP in NYC
1909/--/-- 108 - Russian impresario Serge Diaghilev presents the Ballet Russe in Paris.
1909/--/-- 108 - Taft is inaugurated as the 27th U.S. president; Sherman becomes vice-president.
1909/--/-- 108 - William Howard Taft (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1909/10/-- 109 - World Series NL PITTSBURGH (4) AL DETROIT (3)
1910/--/-- 109 - British Empire covers 1/5th of world land area
1910/--/-- 109 - British author Arnold Bennett publishes Clayhanger.
1910/--/-- 109 - British politician Winston Churchill is appointed first lord of the Admiralty.
1910/--/-- 109 - France groups four African territories together as French Equatorial Africa.
1910/--/-- 109 - French primitive artist Henri Rousseau paints The Dream.
1910/--/-- 109 - French sculptor Auguste Rodin casts the bronze figure The Thinker.
1910/--/-- 109 - Fundamentalism begins with "Five Points"
1910/--/-- 109 - George V succeeds his father Edward VII as king of Great Britain and Ireland.
1910/--/-- 109 - German bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich synthesizes Salversan, a cure for syphilis.
1910/--/-- 109 - Italian artists led by Umberto Boccioni found the futurism movement.
1910/--/-- 109 - Japanese forces annex Korea.
1910/--/-- 109 - Madero, Villa and Zapata lead a revolution against Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz.
1910/--/-- 109 - Russian-born artist Wassily Kandinsky executes his first abstract painting.
1910/--/-- 109 - The Art Deco architectural and decorative arts style begins to become popular.
1910/--/-- 109 - The Union of South Africa is formed; Louis Botha becomes the first prime minister.
1910/05/-- 110 - George V succeeds as King of Great Britain and Ireland.
1910/10/-- 110 - World Series NL CHICAGO (1) AL PHILADELPHIA (4)
1911/--/-- 110 - American aviator Glen Curtiss flies the first successful seaplane.
1911/--/-- 110 - American novelist Edith Wharton publishes Ethan Frome.
1911/--/-- 110 - American songwriter Irving Berlin publishes Alexander's Ragtime Band.
1911/--/-- 110 - Elmer A. Sperry designs the first American gyrocompass.
1911/--/-- 110 - English author G.K. Chesterton publishes the first Father Brown story.
1911/--/-- 110 - German-American anthropologist Franz Boas publishes The Mind of Primitive Man.
1911/--/-- 110 - Hans Geiger invents an electrical device to count individual alpha particles.
1911/--/-- 110 - Italy's attempts to annex Cyrenaica and Tripolitania leads to the Italo-Turkish War.
1911/--/-- 110 - Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz is overthrown; Francisco Madero becomes president.
1911/--/-- 110 - Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen reaches the South Pole ahead of Robert Scott.
1911/--/-- 110 - Richard Strauss' opera Der Rosenkavalier is performed for the first time.
1911/--/-- 110 - Robert A Millikan measures electron's charge
1911/--/-- 110 - Russian artist Marc Chagall paints I and My Village.
1911/--/-- 110 - Sir Ernest Rutherford formulates his theory of atomic structure.
1911/--/-- 110 - The Ch'ing dynasty is deposed in China; a republic is formed under Sun Yat-sen.
1911/--/-- 110 - The first film studio is established at Hollywood in California.
1911/--/-- 110 - Tibet declares its independence from China.
1911/--/-- 110 - Willis Carrier designs the first practical air conditioning system.
1911/06/02 111 - George V crowned King of Great Britain and Ireland at Westminster Abbey by Randa
1911/10/-- 111 - World Series NL NEW YORK (2) AL PHILADELPHIA (4)
1912/--/-- 111 - American Indian Jim Thorpe wins the Olympic decathlon and pentathlon.
1912/--/-- 111 - American author Edgar Rice Burroughs publishes Tarzan of the Apes.
1912/--/-- 111 - American writer Willa Cather publishes her first novel Alexander's Bridge.
1912/--/-- 111 - Arizona is inaugurated as the 48th state.
1912/--/-- 111 - Austrian psychologist Alfred Adler publishes The Neurotic Constitution.
1912/--/-- 111 - British explorers under Scott reach the South Pole but die during their return.
1912/--/-- 111 - French Dada artist Marcel Duchamp paints Nude Descending a Staircase.
1912/--/-- 111 - German geophysicist Alfred Wegener formulates his continental drift hypothesis.
1912/--/-- 111 - Morocco is divided between France and Spain after the second Moroccan crisis.
1912/--/-- 111 - New Mexico is inaugurated as the 47th state.
1912/--/-- 111 - New Mexico is inaugurated as the 47th state; Arizona is inaugurated as the 48th state.
1912/--/-- 111 - Piltdown man is discovered in Britain, beginning an elaborate scientific hoax.
1912/--/-- 111 - Russian dancer Vaslav Nijinsky choreographs and dances in The Afternoon of the Faun.
1912/--/-- 111 - The Balkan League begins the first Balkan War against the Ottoman Empire.
1912/--/-- 111 - The liner Titanic sinks after colliding with an iceberg on her maiden voyage.
1912/--/-- 111 - Theodore Roosevelt campaigns for the U.S. presidency under the Bull Moose ticket.
1912/10/-- 112 - World Series NL NEW YORK (3) AL BOSTON (4)
1913/--/-- 112 - American poet Robert Frost publishes A Boy's Will.
1913/--/-- 112 - Bertrand Russell and A.E. Whitehead publish Principia Mathematica.
1913/--/-- 112 - Danish physicist Niels Bohr publishes his atomic theory.
1913/--/-- 112 - English novelist D.H. Lawrence publishes Sons and Lovers.
1913/--/-- 112 - Federal income tax is introduced in the U.S.
1913/--/-- 112 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet The Rite of Spring causes a scandal at the Paris premiere.
1913/--/-- 112 - Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore wins the Nobel Prize for literature.
1913/--/-- 112 - King George I of Greece is assassinated; he is succeeded by Constantine I
1913/--/-- 112 - Marcel Proust writes the first volume of Remembrance of Things Past.
1913/--/-- 112 - Medical missionary Albert Schweitzer builds a hospital at Lambarene in Africa.
1913/--/-- 112 - Russian revolutionary Joseph Stalin is exiled to Siberia by the tsarist government.
1913/--/-- 112 - Samuel Goldwyn founds his first movie company with Jesse Lasky and Cecil B. De Mille.
1913/--/-- 112 - Socialists Sidney and Beatrice Webb found the political journal The New Statesman.
1913/--/-- 112 - The constructivism art movement begins in Russia.
1913/--/-- 112 - The island of Crete is united with Greece.
1913/--/-- 112 - The second Balkan War begins with a Bulgarian attack on Serbia.
1913/--/-- 112 - Victoriano Huerta leads a military coup in Mexico; president Francisco Madero is killed.
1913/--/-- 112 - Wilson is inaugurated as the 28th U.S. president; Marshall becomes vice-president.
1913/--/-- 112 - Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1913/10/-- 113 - World Series NL NEW YORK (1) AL PHILADELPHIA (4)
1914/--/-- 113 - A British expedition led by Ernest Shackleton is marooned in the Antarctic.
1914/--/-- 113 - A German fleet defeats the British at Coronel but is decimated at the Falklands.
1914/--/-- 113 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated in Sarajevo, precipitating World War I.
1914/--/-- 113 - Austrian forces invade Serbia but are repulsed with heavy losses.
1914/--/-- 113 - Black composer W.C. Handy writes the St. Louis Blues.
1914/--/-- 113 - Charlie Chaplin develops his little tramp character in a series of slapstick films.
1914/--/-- 113 - France, Russia and Britain (the Allies) are at war with Germany and Austria-Hungary.
1914/--/-- 113 - George Bernard Shaw's play Pygmallion is performed for the first time.
1914/--/-- 113 - German forces invade Belgium and France but are halted at the Marne.
1914/--/-- 113 - German submarines begin to exact a heavy toll on Allied shipping.
1914/--/-- 113 - Japan joins the Allies and captures the German base of Tsingtao in China.
1914/--/-- 113 - Mack Sennett produces comedy films starring the Keystone Kops.
1914/--/-- 113 - Parisian couturier Coco Chanel begins designing clothes.
1914/--/-- 113 - President Wilson declares U.S. neutrality in World War I.
1914/--/-- 113 - Russian forces invade East Prussia but are defeated at the Battle of Tannenberg.
1914/--/-- 113 - The Panama Canal is completed, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
1914/--/-- 113 - Turkey declares war on the Allies; Britain annexes Turkish Cyprus.
1914/--/-- 113 - U.S. Marines land at Veracruz in Mexico; President Huerta resigns.
1914/--/-- 113 - World War I begins
1914/10/-- 114 - World Series NL BOSTON (4) AL PHILADELPHIA (0)
1915/--/-- 114 - A German submarine torpedoes the British liner Lusitania; 124 Americans are killed.
1915/--/-- 114 - Albert Einstein formulates his General Theory of Relativity.
1915/--/-- 114 - Anglo-French forces land at Gallipoli in an attempt to force Turkey out of the war.
1915/--/-- 114 - Austrian writer Franz Kafka publishes The Metamorphosis.
1915/--/-- 114 - D. W. Griffith's movie The Birth of a Nation is shown for the first time.
1915/--/-- 114 - Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa lead rebellions against Venustiano Carranza in Mexico.
1915/--/-- 114 - English author Somerset Maugham publishes Of Human Bondage.
1915/--/-- 114 - German Zeppelin airships begin bombing attacks on Britain.
1915/--/-- 114 - Italy joins the Allies and invades Austrian territory.
1915/--/-- 114 - President Wilson recognizes the Mexican government of Venustiano Carranza.
1915/--/-- 114 - Serbia is overrun by the combined forces of Austria, Germany and Bulgaria.
1915/--/-- 114 - The Anzacs (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) fight at Gallipoli.
1915/--/-- 114 - The Dada art and literary movement is formed.
1915/--/-- 114 - The Germans use poison gas for the first time at Ypres on the Western Front.
1915/--/-- 114 - U.S. Marines land in Haiti, beginning a 20-year period of military occupation.
1915/--/-- 114 - War poet Rupert Brooke's 1914 and Other Poems is published in the year he dies.
1915/10/-- 115 - World Series NL PHILADELPHIA (1) AL BOSTON (4)
1916/--/-- 115 - Albert Einstein proposes General Theory of Relativity
1916/--/-- 115 - Allied forces withdraw from Gallipoli after strong Turkish opposition.
1916/--/-- 115 - American poet Carl Sandburg publishes his first book Chicago Poems.
1916/--/-- 115 - British forces assault the German line at the Somme; tanks are used for the first time.
1916/--/-- 115 - German assaults at Verdun are repulsed by the French with great loss of life.
1916/--/-- 115 - James Joyce publishes A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.
1916/--/-- 115 - Jeannette Rankin becomes the first female member of U.S. House of Representatives.
1916/--/-- 115 - Lloyd George becomes prime minister of Britain's wartime coalition government.
1916/--/-- 115 - Margaret Sanger is arrested for opening a birth-control clinic in Brooklyn.
1916/--/-- 115 - North Sea storms flood lowlands in the Netherlands, 10,000 lives are lost.
1916/--/-- 115 - T. Tzara DADA
1916/--/-- 115 - The British and German fleets clash at the Battle of Jutland.
1916/--/-- 115 - The Easter Rising in Dublin is suppressed within a week by the British.
1916/--/-- 115 - The Russian Brusilov Offensive meets with success on the Eastern Front.
1916/--/-- 115 - The Trans-Siberian railway is completed -- the longest continuous rail line in the world.
1916/--/-- 115 - U.S. Marines land in Santo Domingo to quell unrest; the occupation lasts until 1924.
1916/--/-- 115 - U.S. troops under Pershing invade Mexico in retaliation for raids by Pancho Villa.
1916/10/-- 116 - World Series NL BROOKLYN (1) AL BOSTON (4)
1917/--/-- 116 - Adoption of the convoy system reduces Allied losses to German submarines.
1917/--/-- 116 - Anglo-American poet T.S. Eliot publishes The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.
1917/--/-- 116 - Art critic and writer Guillaume Apollinaire coins the term surrealism.
1917/--/-- 116 - Astrophysicist Karl Schwarzschild develops the black hole theory.
1917/--/-- 116 - Blacks migrate north and west
1917/--/-- 116 - British forces attack the Germans in the Third Battle of Ypres.
1917/--/-- 116 - British forces under Allenby capture Jerusalem and Bagdhad from the Turks.
1917/--/-- 116 - Dutch artists Theo Van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian found the magazine de Stijl.
1917/--/-- 116 - English composer Gustav Holst completes The Planets.
1917/--/-- 116 - English humorist P.G. Wodehouse creates Bertie Wooster and his butler Jeeves.
1917/--/-- 116 - Germany announces the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare.
1917/--/-- 116 - Italian forces are defeated by Austria at the Battle of Caporetto.
1917/--/-- 116 - Russian revolutions: communist U.S.S.R. formed
1917/--/-- 116 - Selective Service Act creates draft
1917/--/-- 116 - Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung publishes The Psychology of the Unconscious.
1917/--/-- 116 - T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) leads the Arab revolt against the Turks.
1917/--/-- 116 - The Balfour Declaration endorses a Jewish national homeland in Palestine.
1917/--/-- 116 - The Germans and the Bolshevik leaders sign an armistice at Brest-Litovsk.
1917/--/-- 116 - The Germans help Lenin return to Russia from exile in Switzerland.
1917/--/-- 116 - The Jones Act gives all Puerto Ricans the right to U.S. citizenship.
1917/--/-- 116 - The Russian Revolution begins; Emperor Nicholas II abdicates.
1917/--/-- 116 - The U.S. purchases the Virgin Islands from Denmark.
1917/--/-- 116 - The United States declares war on Germany.
1917/--/-- 116 - The Zimmermann note proposing a secret Mexican alliance with Germany is revealed.
1917/--/-- 116 - The disastrous Nivelle Offensive leads to mutinies in the French Army.
1917/--/-- 116 - The earliest jazz recordings are made in New York City.
1917/--/-- 116 - The first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded for journalism, letters and music.
1917/--/-- 116 - The provisional Kerensky government is deposed; Bolsheviks seize power in Russia.
1917/10/-- 117 - World Series NL NEW YORK (2) AL CHICAGO (4)
1918/--/-- 117 - Advances by French, British and American armies force a general German retreat.
1918/--/-- 117 - American astronomer Harlow Shapley discovers the dimensions of the Milky Way.
1918/--/-- 117 - American author Booth Tarkington writes The Magnificent Ambersons.
1918/--/-- 117 - American forcesunder Pershing help to stem the German offensive.
1918/--/-- 117 - An airmail service begins among New York, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C.
1918/--/-- 117 - An influenza pandemic begins (it kills 21-22 million in 2 years).
1918/--/-- 117 - Austria, Poland and Czechoslovakia become republics in the aftermath of World War I.
1918/--/-- 117 - Bloomsbury Group member Lytton Strachey publishes Eminent Victorians.
1918/--/-- 117 - Bolshevik leader Leon Trotsky organizes the Red Army.
1918/--/-- 117 - Civil war breaks out between the Red and White Russian armies.
1918/--/-- 117 - French composer Erik Satie writes Socrate.
1918/--/-- 117 - German air ace Manfred von Richthofen (the Red Baron) is shot down and killed.
1918/--/-- 117 - Nicholas II, the last emperor of Russia, and his family are executed by the Bolsheviks.
1918/--/-- 117 - Revolution breaks out in Germany; Emperor William II flees to the Netherlands.
1918/--/-- 117 - Shapley determines sun is part of Milky Way galaxy
1918/--/-- 117 - The Germans renew their assault on the Western Front in the Ludendorff Offensive.
1918/--/-- 117 - The Weimar Republic negotiates an armistice for Germany, ending World War I.
1918/--/-- 117 - The world's largest telescope is installed at Mount Wilson Observatory.
1918/--/-- 117 - Women over 30 win the vote in Britain.
1918/10/-- 118 - World Series NL CHICAGO (2) AL BOSTON (4)
1919/--/-- 118 - Boxer Jack Dempsey knocks out Jess Willard to become heavyweight champion.
1919/--/-- 118 - British troops massacre demonstrators at Amritsar in India.
1919/--/-- 118 - English aviators Alcock and Brown make the first nonstop transatlantic flight.
1919/--/-- 118 - French tennis star Suzanne Lenglen wins the Wimbledon tournament for the first time.
1919/--/-- 118 - George Gershwin composes his first hit song Swanee.
1919/--/-- 118 - German communist Rosa Luxemburg is murdered after the Sparticus uprising.
1919/--/-- 118 - Italian leader Benito Mussolini organizes his Fascist movement.
1919/--/-- 118 - Jan Smuts succeeds Louis Botha as prime minister of South Africa.
1919/--/-- 118 - Lady Astor becomes the first woman member of the British House of Commons.
1919/--/-- 118 - League of Nations
1919/--/-- 118 - Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata is killed.
1919/--/-- 118 - Russian-American anarchist Emma Goldman is deported to the Soviet Union.
1919/--/-- 118 - The Bauhaus school of design is founded in Germany by Walter Gropius.
1919/--/-- 118 - The Chicago White Sox conspire to fix the baseball World Series.
1919/--/-- 118 - The German fleet is scuttled at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands.
1919/--/-- 118 - The League of Nations is formed with Geneva in Switzerland as its headquarters.
1919/--/-- 118 - The Paris Peace Conference opens at Versailles.
1919/--/-- 118 - The Polish-Soviet War begins over territorial disputes.
1919/--/-- 118 - The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) is formed.
1919/--/-- 118 - Versailles Peace Treaty
1919/--/-- 118 - World War I ends
1919/10/-- 119 - World Series NL CINCINNATI (5) AL CHICAGO (3)
1920/--/-- 119 - 18th Amendment prohibits alcohol
1920/--/-- 119 - 19th Amendment gives women right to vote
1920/--/-- 119 - A Home Rule Bill establishes parliaments for northern and southern Ireland.
1920/--/-- 119 - Admiral Miklos Horthy is appointed regent of Hungary.
1920/--/-- 119 - Adolf Hitler forms the National Socialist German Workers' (Nazi) party.
1920/--/-- 119 - American novelist Sinclair Lewis publishes Main Street.
1920/--/-- 119 - American tennis star Bill Tilden wins the Wimbledon tournament for the first time.
1920/--/-- 119 - Arturo Alessandri becomes president of Chile.
1920/--/-- 119 - British East Africa becomes a crown colony as Kenya.
1920/--/-- 119 - Chaim Weizmann is named president of the World Zionist Organization.
1920/--/-- 119 - Dutch artist Piet Mondrian paints the Composition with Red, Yellow and Blue.
1920/--/-- 119 - French Art Deco glassmaker Rene Lalique opens a glass factory.
1920/--/-- 119 - German East Africa is transferred to British control as Tanganyika (now Tanzania).
1920/--/-- 119 - Mahatma Gandhi begins a noncooperation campaign against British rule in India.
1920/--/-- 119 - Mexican president Venustiano Carranza is deposed and killed by Alvaro Obregon.
1920/--/-- 119 - Mystery writer Agatha Christie publishes her first Hercule Poirot story.
1920/--/-- 119 - Russian artist Aleksandr Rodchenko designs the first mobile.
1920/--/-- 119 - The 18th Amendment institutes the prohibition of alcohol throughout the U.S.
1920/--/-- 119 - The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gives women the right to vote.
1920/--/-- 119 - The Russian Civil War ends with victory for the Bolsheviks.
1920/--/-- 119 - The U.S. Senate votes against joining the League of Nations.
1920/10/-- 120 - World Series NL BROOKLYN (2) AL CLEVELAND (5)
In 1800 Transportation was by:
Foot
Horse
Sailing ship
Bicycle
By 1920 Transportation was by:
Train
Steamboat
Balloon
Car & Bus
Propeller airplane
in addition.
By 1920 Transportation by:
Sailing ship
had been discontinued.
In 1800 Communications was by:
Word of Mouth
Post Office
By 1920 Communications was by:
Telegraph
Telephone
in addition.
In 1800 Food Preparation was by:
Wood
By 1920 Food Preparation was by:
Gas
in addition.
In 1800 Entertainment was by:
Social Intercourse
Organized Sports
Travel
Professional Sports
Movies
Radio
Television
Theme parks
Computer
In 1800 Health Care was by:
Operations
Anesthetic
X-Rays
MRI
In 1800 War Making was by:
Calvary
gun
Artillery
Submarine
By 1920 War Making was by:
Machine guns
tank
Iron Clad ships
TNT
Mines
Chemical agents
Aeroplane
in addition.
By 1920 War Making by:
Calvary
had been discontinued.
In 1800 Navigation was by:
Stars & Maps
Compass
By 1920 Navigation was by:
Radio Signals
in addition.
from the SFHR database of Duane Bristow 03-13-2021 19:57:55